Public Sector Accounting Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Public sphere of influence Accounting - Research Paper ExampleIn respect to be there are differences in objectives of accounting motion between familiar and private sectors. In addition, this paper identifies some of the critical differences in accounting between ordinary and private sectors. Amongst such differences identified is measure of performance through profits, as well as rate or return as in the case of private sector, which is lacking in the public sector. Other than the critical differences, this paper identifies accounting differences that emanate from the financial control aspect, whereas legislators or parliament financially controls public sectors, private sectors are financially controlled by the shareholders. A nonher important difference identified is the aspect of spending as public sectors unlike private sectors do not have a woof but to spend. Lastly, the paper identifies the auditing aspect of accounting, which differs in these two sectors in respect to i ts objectives. From the discussion, the paper concludes that the differences in accounting stem from varied management and control aspects of public and private sectors. Introduction Public sector refers to national, regional and local governments, in addition to various institutional units that are governed and controlled by governments of different nations or economies. personal sector, on the opposite hand, is composed of institutions that are neither governed nor controlled by the government (Jorge, 2008). The management and control of such organizations lie in the hands of private individuals and not the government. Given the differences in management and control of the public and private sector, many other differences stem particularly with regards to operations, accounting, and investments. In terms of operations, whereas private sector is determined by the need to make profits, public sector is non-profit but is driven by ensuring that the citizens of a country obtain all the public goods and services at minimal costs (Kieso, Weygandt & Warfield, 2011). The following is an evaluation of the accounting differences between the public/government sector and private sector. Differences in accounting between the Public Sector/Government and Private sector Differences in accounting between the public and private sector stem from their management and control. Firstly, there are differences in the objectives of accounting between public and private sectors (Lienert, 2009). In private sector the objectives of accounting amongst other things entangle informing stakeholders about performance of the business, providing possible investors information, aiding management finis making, and increasingly informing regulators. Public sector on the other hand has different accounting objectives (Jorge, 2008). Amongst the traditional accounting objectives in public sector include providing financial summary, enabling a detailed comparisons of spending to be made with p roposed budget, allowing identification of spending so as to ensure compliance with law and other legal authorities, and providing the basis for the next budget. Nonetheless, in the modern perspective this has greatly changed where public sector engages in accounting for the purposes of informing stakeholders, providing possible investors with creditworthiness information, aid in management, identifies assets and liabilities, as well as facilitates democracy transparency (Kieso, Weygandt

What Kind of Stress a Police Officer Can Withstand Research Paper

What Kind of Stress a Police Officer Can Withstand - Research Paper Example match to Patterson (2009), the normal tasks and events can be classified into four areas. The four areas have been influential in the characterization of melodic line among police officers. The first source of stress for police officers is the whole law enforcement organization. The organization operates based on a strict paramilitary body structure that discourages any form of insubordination (Bano & Talib, 2014). The bureaucratic structure of law enforcement presents a challenge to all officers. Some of the challenges that come with the system are the lack of adequate equipment, poor shift management, low pay, excess newspaper publisher and inadequate training. Second, law enforcement faces stressful conditions because of the need to practice caution when dealing with the community (Russell, Cole, & Jones, 2014). The exposure of police officers to troubled individuals, bends and the use of deadly force i n some situation can lead to stress. The third source of stress for officers is the criminal justice system. It is challenging to work with lawyers, media, and the public. For example, police officers sometimes feel the criminal justice system does a poor job of dealing with criminals and puts too many restrictions for them to perform their duties. The final source of stress for officers is their ad hominem lives. Stress from personal lives can be caused by the pressure to buy a home, having a new baby, divorce and chronic illness affecting family members. There is no designated honorarium for this form of stress. The research paper aims to analyze the impact of mental stress on police officers. It seeks to comprehend the impact of stress on the ability of officers to fulfil their normal duties. The findings from the research can help in determining the best options that can be implemented to help officers to manage stress. Police Officers are area to stress like normal workers. However, the situation for the police officers can be worse because of the life-threatening conditions that they face from day to day.

Public precurement and (ppt) + (ppp) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Public precurement and (ppt) + (ppp) - Essay ExampleThe cosmos department just makes periodic repayments for capital utilized and bears the on-going service costs. The major objective of PFI is to increase efficient delivery of macrocosm services and transfer try to the private enterprises. and currently, it has take after under lot of controversy for excessive payments, bribery, decadency and poor value for money. The paper would analyse PFI for managerial effectiveness, operational efficiency and cost effectiveness for public service delivery and asses its viability for best value for money. Analysis Public sector is showing significant shift in its operational areas towards privatization regarding public procurements of works, goods and services with dialect on cost saving and increasing efficiency. The concept had originated in the developed nations which were getting concerned with large amounts of spending from the public funds for public avail services. It had led to f requent cases of irregularities related to public funding including lack of commitment, transparency and efficiency issues (OECD, 2007). The reforms therefore had become necessary. An effective public procurement through PFI was a good option especially when relationship is forged through fair and competitive auction bidding (Audit commission, 2001). ... PFI is improved form of public procurement organisation because of its unique framework as public private partnership. Moreover, private finance is sought within the realms of a public environment, processed by a serial publication of disk operating system defined legal, administrative, political, and management networks. Like private sector, it ensures that the procurement of goods, services and works is optimally efficient and effective, and results in best value for money (Deloitte, 2009). But it differs from the private sector in the sense that it is not profit oriented. Indeed, these emerge as vital issues that require consta nt monitoring, regulation, and audit to keep the process corruption free. In the traditional procurement system, the spending department or body finalizes the project and budget and thereafter sends proposal to the treasury for loan (Whitfield, 2001). After approbation the department gets the long term loan at very low interest rates as they are perceived to be low risk borrowers with government not expecting to fail or default in its repayments (Grout, 1997). The loan sanction for the project is a long drawn process that each public department has to follow for any proposed work in the public area. Apart from the highly fractious procedures of finance, the operation, management and risks are hugely critical elements that become thorny to manage in the long run with the same efficiency and quality (Hood et al., 2006). Indeed, the changing socio-economic and political environment makes the various projects quite risky. Most importantly, getting the state treasuries to fund the vari ous public projects would a massive burden on it and which could

A summary of The Color of Love by Danzy Senna (summarize) Essay

A summary of The Color of Love by Danzy Senna (summarize) - Essay ExampleThis was one of the reasons for her sense of superiority over others. Her daughter however did not follow her example and fell in love with a black man, much to her mothers discontent. Her daughter had three children from this marriage, both sons and one daughter. The daughter was Danzy Senna. This was the bone of contention between the grannie and Danzys mother because she wanted her daughter to marry a white guy retributory like she had. Therefore despite having black grandchildren, she had deep seated racism planter in her heart. Danzy wanted to have a loving relationship with her granny knot however their differences never really gave her a chance to love her. Danzys grandmother was also a regular drinker which is why she never really refrained from venting out her feelings. She was always very blunt which is evident from the casualty that took place on the night when she asked Danzy, Do you have a man? and consequently added What is he?, implying that she was interested to know his charge.Their relationship took a turn when the grandmother was chiding the cleaning lady. This incident gives Danzy a chance to express her true feelings towards her grandmothers attitude. That day, Danzy came out of her reverie and strictly told her grandmother that she would not tolerate her talking to the cleaning lady like that and also reminded her about the abolishment of slavery. This incident further increases the grandmothers already deep-rooted hatred for other races. However for Danzy, the event allowed her to think of herself as an equal of any other race or position. However it was like Danzy had learnt to live with her and after this incident she started to visit her grandmother more frequently. Their relationship had become one of tolerance and this continued until her death. Danzy, her mother, as well as her aunts, all were

Aspect of Vulnerability on Adult with Learning Disabilities Essay

Aspect of Vulnerability on Adult with Learning Disabilities - Essay voiceThis group also cannot remember several things that atomic number 18 essential to life. The funda cordial aspects such as those dealing with the environment argon far-fetched to them. It is imperative that, people with kind illness often do dastardly things other than what is expedient for them. In life experience, such a vulnerable group is supposed to attend a memorable learning institution. They should attend a day centre and must have people who are capable to support them in life. They cannot also hand out their social situations and should always be living in hospital. They cannot prepare their own meals, recognize the time, and has shortened talk power as depicted by chopper & Nicholson (2008 p.90). Having known the meaning of this word, let us focus on people with mental weakness. This people are vulnerable in that they have a mental disorder and cannot leave and defend themselves independently. Th is calls for those who have a sound mind to help them. They are usually prone to negligence that is separation by their families and troupe as a whole. Those with mental disorder are vulnerable owing to be piss of their limited capacity to heed new information. Such information is complicated and are vital for them to learn new skills. They again face disability that may have accrued before adult hood with long lasting do on the development. People with mental disability are individuals and institution can expose the most vulnerable group in society. They do abuse and neglect, and in most cases, abuse might go without being recognized, and hence not reported to the relevant authority. People with mental disability can have communication needs that hinder them to report any form of abuse to the authority. More so, they cannot know what they have experienced concerning abuse. Factors that can lead to mental illness fit to Hollomotz (2011p.299), increased illness or infection can ca use a non-ending pain and make them feel uncomfortable. For instance, people with Downs syndrome usually are infected with chest disorders. There are also generic conditions where they are risk factors to mental health problems. Apparently, Downs syndrome increases the possibility of getting Alzheimers disease. Another factor is brain misuse, even though most individuals with mental disorder do not get brain damage, for some brain damage can cause their learning disability. More so we have self-image people with mental illness can feel they are different to their colleagues hence they implant themselves apart. Having looked at internal factors lets also look at external factor. They include social causes where they reside in unfavorable environment. They are also prone to wayward life activities such as abuse, or may have experienced harassment. Again, there are things they expect from others but unfortunately, their expectations can be extremely low. In the family, they can get proper support but from exceptionally difficult situations. Because there may be stress of careering somebody with mental illness, this may cause financial impairment hence affecting family relations. These people encounter immensely less social networks and so they have controlled support. Safe guarding hitch Parker & Penhale (2009 p.288) points out that safeguarding intervention include assisting those people with mental problems to keep themselves safe avoiding harm. They also respond to harm and

U.S.-Middle East Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

U.S.-Middle eastside Relations - Essay ExampleAs the Statesns, the thought of Middle East almost instantly ignites visual pictures of extremist terrorists who can go a painful length to attain revenge on their enemies. They thus view America as being offerive of the Israeli invasion of Palestine.U.S political elites view Israel as being strategically located for their influence in world politics. Their support for Israel is blindsided by the atrocities committed by the Israelites on Palestinians. The shared values between the US and Israel makes these political elites to become insensitive to the suffering of the Palestinian people (Hahn 167). The political elites believe that it is right for Israel to repossess Palestine back as their land. Jews played a major role in early America, the American Revolution and on the countrys founding fathers. This shared system of values including that of shared democratic politics, economic development, and shared religious heritage has made the US and Israel restricting allies that the political elites become focused on maintaining this relation while overlooking Palestiniansuffering.

Commercial Dog-Breeding Facilities Essay Example for Free

moneymaking(prenominal) Dog-Breeding Facilities EssayPet shops pay some people the impression of happy, eager, and healthy puppies that ar in desperate need of a home and family. Sometimes people feel bad for the animals stuck in the small cages and decide theyre going to save or rescue them. People who obtain these animals wear outt realize that theyre supporting the moneymaking(prenominal) blackguard-breeding application. Commercial computer-aided design-breeding facilities treat animals as a product they ar concerned with quantity and the bring in theyll receive instead of quality and the animals health. These facilities need to be banned for three reasons to pr thus fart further health deterioration of the animals to preserve the lowering of breeds contractable traits which reply from unregulated breeding and they give respectable breeders a bad name.Before we examine specific issues surrounding professional dog breeders, maiden we should define slightly te rms and give a general background of the problem. M any(prenominal) people perk up heard ab bulge out the animal cruelty behind whelp move however, they have no idea about commercial dog-breeding facilities. The term pup mill is up yieldd to describe gigantic-scale dog breeding operations that pop income over the animals welfargon. Puppy mill about dont breed responsibly and the conditions they cargo area the animals in are generally illegal. Commercial dog-breeding facilities are also large scale breeding facilities that place the well macrocosm of animals below making a profit, yet these facilities are subject to unite States Department of floriculture (USDA) regulate and enforcing of the Animal Welfare Act (AWA) laws and regulations.The USDA regulates the breeding facilities with the minimum standards for the animals health these are the same laws that are used for chickens, cows, pigs and other animals, which are slaughtered. The law requires that separately anim al is provided with adequate housing, handling, sanitation, nutrition, water, veterinary lot, and protection from extreme weather and temperatures (USDA Animal Welfare Act). The USDA does non have the funds or proper information to enforce these laws, so most commercial dog-breeding facilities continue to thrive while their animals are suffering. The USDA also does not have any regulations for the facilities if they sell instanter to the public, which includes online sales. These loopholes in the system baffle for an unbalanced, ir amenable, and unhealthy system of dog breeding.Having seen that commercial breeding in general is a problem, lets examine the first specific issue, that of the deterioration of dogs health at these facilities. Commercial dog-breeding facilities dont keep the dogs health in estimate, even in surd and life moody cases. When it comes to animals health in these facilities, on that point are government rules and regulations with punishments for violat ors and repeat off subverters. Inspectors must visit commercial dog-breeding facilities at least twice a month if theres a violation, they file reports and give out punishments to those who have violated the laws. A may 2010 audit report filed by the United States Department of Agriculture uncovers the truth of inspectors visits to commercial dog-breeding facilities Expecting that the dealers would improve their standards of care, the agency chose to pip little or no enforcement actions against most violators (USDA Animal and Plant Health 10).Inspectors wouldnt choose to give any stipulation to violators, even when they were repeat offenders. Inspectors never go aftered up visits to ensure that the proper changes were made, nor did they make the proper amount of check ups required per year. The conditions of commercial dog-breeding facilities are disgusting and irresponsible, and the dogs are not properly brought up and cared for. The May 2010 audit report filed against USDA insp ectors mentions an Oklahoma breeding facility that had numerous dogs infested with ticks pages 11 and 12 feature shocking photos of the dogs taken by the inspector. The breeder had no records of any medical treatment ever addicted to any dogs, and if a re-inspection were to be given then there would be no way of knowing if the animals were really treated or euthanized.The inspector cited the breeder for an indirect violation, despite excessive ticks being a direct violation in the Dealer Inspections Guide. He told the breeder to take only eight of the infested dogs to the veterinarian. The inspector didnt require any sustenance of the treatment nor did he indentify which dogs needed treatment, so there is no way to know what happened to the dogs in the pictures mentioned above (USDA Animal and Plant Health 11-12) The dogs kept for use as breeding stock live their entire lives in the small cages, being bred too early, too frequently, and for too yen. These dogs generally have the most severe health and behavioral problems.Franklin McMillan, DVM, is well known for his studies on animals affected by trauma one of his studies compared dogs that were used as breeding stock in commercial dog-breeding facilities to dogs owned by the general public. The dogs were put through the Canine Behavioral Assessment and Research Questionnaire (C-BARQ), which rate many another(prenominal) psychological behaviors and their intensity. The C-BARQ is given an average of both years after the breeding stock dogs have been in their adoptive homes, with 76 different breeds and both sexes included. The breeding stock dogs were compared to a sampling of the dogs owned by the general public by matching their breed, sex, age, and neuter status.This test was conducted to see if the breeding stock dogs do actually consistently display stern behavioural and psychological abnormalities (McMillan, Duffy, and Serpell). The results confirmed that the former breeding stock dogs did indeed h ave considerably high behavior problems. Its often argued that dogs used in commercial dog-breeding establishments have psychological issues and this has now been confirmed by this study. The dogs that are used as breeding stock are forced to spend their lives exclusively for production of profit, and when they no longer potful give rise they are usually euthanized.Commercial dog-breeding facilities do not provide the dogs they keep with adequate care they leave the facilities unkempt and dirty, and dont allow the animals exercise. The dogs not only have physical side effects but also psychological ones after being in crowded cages isolated from human contact. The inspections that are supposed to make sure the facilities are keeping up with the USDA regulations provide no assistant for the situation. Its a rare case to have inspectors following the Dealer Inspections Guide with follow-ups, citing when necessary, and issuing violations. The inspectors have many weaknesses there was no enforcement against violators, the inspectors didnt follow procedure, they rarely provided any documentation or evidence, and they delayed telling breeders to send suffering animals for treatment (USDA Animal and Plant Health). Commercial dog-breeding facilities dont keep the breeding stock dogs or puppies in sanitary conditions or keep them healthy this is a direct violation of USDA regulations.Now lets examine the second major issue surrounding dog breeders, which is that they lower the standards of the breeds. The American Kennel Club (AKC) is the largest purebred dog registry in the United States people may pay up to thousands of dollars for purebred dogs that are AKC registered. The issue is that these AKC cover value is not what it seems they do not guarantee that the dog is purebred, healthy, or within proper breed standards. Leslie LeFave, writer and dog enthusiast, states how breeders obtain AKC papers for their littersBreeders send to AKC for a litter application. They then fill out this form with who the capture and father of the puppies are, with their AKC registration numbers, date of birth, and certificate numberThe breeder then sends this paper work (litter registration) to AKC to add these puppies to their database and the breeder gets AKC papers and numbers for for each one puppy. No questions asked. (LeFave)The AKC papers only guarantee that an application was filled out and payment was received the AKC does not check the breeders claims, including the breed, health, and number of puppies born. The AKC continues to hand out registration papers as the checks come in and more puppies are sold with AKC registered papers that dont necessarily belong with them.Many people choose purebred dogs because of a specific look, and certain traits they desire in their companion. Commercial dog-breeding facilities only goal is to make money, so they allow breed any dogs that match the certain looks classifiable of the breed without taking care to prevent complaints and inbreeding. This way of breeding only multiplies the chances of life-threatening genetic disorders in each puppy and leaves the personality traits not even considered. LeFave explains how a responsible breeder chooses which dogs to breed Having quality dogs requires a breeder to invest money and time in their dogs. A good breeder does genetic health testing if available for their breed, and spends hours going over pedigrees and learning all they can about their breed.No commercial dog-breeding facility cares about the long-term health of the animal they result not check for serious diseases in the dogs used for breeding stock or in the puppies theyre selling. Commercial dog-breeding facilities are not responsible breeders they produce unhealthy animals and deteriorate the breeds genetics and standards. Purebred dogs are more susceptible to genetic disorders because the large breeding facilities dont take care to make sure the breeding gene pool is large, diverse, and free of the disorders common to which breed theyre breeding therefore, many disorders carried, even those that are recessive, are amplified.Carrie Allan, a writer for All Animals magazine, has found in many studies that 30 to 70 percent of Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (a small toy breed) will end up with Syringomyelia, a serious life threatening disorder. Syringomyelia is a disease in the spinal cord in which cavities fill with fluid near the genius sometimes even the dogs brain will swell past the skull. This is not uncommon for a purebred dog they have many serious genetic diseases that the vendee is unaware of until their dog starts suffering. Commercial dog-breeding facilities do not screen for the common diseases or breed to prevent them. They are irresponsible, reckless, and build long-term problems with breed standards and traits.The third major issue with commercial dog breeding facilities is that their practices often bring disrepute onto reputable breede rs. trusty dog-breeders do exist, and they produce healthy and happy puppies that are true to their breeds standards. These breeders also know of the horrible situations commercial dog-breeding facilities keep their animals in, and they are also in the fight against them they cause responsible breeders to lose more money, give them a bad name, and deteriorate the breeds of dogs they love.The law requires breeders to have kennel or vendors licenses, but many states and counties faded commercial breeding facilities breaks, not requiring them to have these licenses. The small responsible breeders, who only produce about twelve puppies a year, do not get any break, they must have licenses, and they must pay their taxes on the dogs. For example, in Ohio a report was given by Michael W. McKinney, the Public Information Officer for the Ohio Department of Taxation, on these vendors None of the 410 known dog breeding kennels in Holmes County with 11,033 dogs, including 41 with more than 50 breeding dogs each, have a vendors licenses. (Allen). The state is not helping any small backyard breeder, but the large commercial ones, who should be required to have a license so that their dogs can be track and give an idea of their profits. When responsible breeders breed two dogs, they put a lot of effort into which animals they choose they look at their family trees, they raise them in a suitable environment, and they make sure the animals are going to a home thats a good fit.Purebred dogs have a significantly higher chance of carrying diseases, which is why good breeders make sure that the common diseases in the dog breed that theyre producing doesnt end up in their litter. They have tests done to be sure the diseases arent present in the dogs theyll breed they make sure that the animals are healthy, then breed them, and also check each puppy before they sell them to ensure theyre healthy. For example, golden retrievers have a significantly high chance of developing hip dys plasia, a disease which causes improper developing of the hip joints, and a good breeder will prevent this as best as they can. Not only do puppies from reputable breeders have lower chances of carrying diseases, but also they are mentally healthier as well.When a dog is brought up in a family environment with fooling exercise and its mother to raise it, it has a solid foundation to grow on. A dog that hasnt been properly socialized can create many problems for an owner, which can include being aggressive to people and other animals. If the puppy were properly socialized then other people and animals would only be something the puppy has seen before and can coexist with. These breeders take a lot of time to make sure the puppies are brought up properly and dont hope to be associated with commercial dog-breeding facilities, which dont provide the proper amount of care to their puppies.The reckless commercial dog-breeders give the wrong impression about the industry as a whole, and they cause high taxes for reputable breeders who arent doing it for profit but who want to see the breed they love thrive. Responsible breeders want their dog breed to be healthy as a whole they dont like having to see many beautiful, correct dogs go to waste because of offhanded breeding, which produces a higher chance of disease in the breed. Large facilities make dog breeding seem like a product, while small, responsible breeders take great care to raise these animals for families. Commercial dog-breeding causes great stress and problems for responsible dog breeders, which are in it for the dogs, not a profit.We have seen that puppy mills and many large government inspected dog-breeding businesses produce ill dogs with degenerated breed traits and cast a prejudicial light on the entire industry. Nevertheless, many people secure puppies from these facilities because the canines are cheaper and the buyer feels he or she is rescuing the puppy, as if it were in a dog pound. Some people feel that commercial dog-breeding facilities may have negative sides to it but a responsibly bred purebred puppy is too expensive.Yes, many quality puppies can be up to thousands of dollars, and there is a reason for that. Responsible breeders dont have a large-scale operation that shoots dogs out quick enough for a huge profit they run their business out of their homes they raise puppies with their family and put as much time and effort into breeding the right dogs as they do into raising them in the first weeks. The dogs from responsible breeders will not only have papers, but theyll have papers that actually match up to them. These dogs will be healthy and of good genetic background, and that is what youre paying for.If the problem is entirely money, then a shelter dog is the right choice they are priced not for profit but for affordability and sustaining the shelters ability to remain afloat. From personal experience, I know that the local pound, Danville Boyle County H umane Society, a non-profit organization, provides animals at a very reasonable cost with many benefits for the owner. Not only is the buyer saving a life, but also all animals come spayed or neutered, de-wormed, with rabies vaccinations, and for dogs, they have the Bordatella vaccination (for kennel cough), and Distemper vaccination (for parvovirus). These vaccinations are for the most common diseases that leave animals at a very high risk of death. All of this is provided with your puppy for only $100, and for dogs and cats $75.Compared to the price of dogs from pet stores, online sellers and commercial breeders, thats an unbeatable price, especially when they provide the animals already with proper health records. And many shelter animals are also purebred, not just mixes. A shelter is the perfect spot to go if you want an inexpensive and healthy animal. There is no reason for money to be the issue in acquiring an animal from a commercial dog breeding facility. If you dont have e nough, then a shelter or rescue organization is the perfect place, healthy and inexpensive. If you care about the background of the animal and want to show it, then dogs from a responsible breeder are much better suited for show they will be able to provide you with a much better representation of the dogs breed than a large scale breeding organization.You can see how those who believe that commercial dog-breeding facilities do not supply animals with the best living conditions, but provide them cheaper than reputable breeders are in the wrong. In the long run, dogs from large-scale facilities could end up with very expensive healthcare, having to buy a new dog, or even facing the heartbreak of being forced to euthanize it. silver is a big deal in our world right now, and buying a dog isnt something that should add to that. Shelter dogs are cheaper, and dogs from good breeders are healthier, with much lower vet bills.In summary, commercial dog-breeding facilities are operations to produce maximum profit and leave the animals to fend for themselves commercial breeders are release the important and necessary aspects of a good business behind. They are not making sure the animals involved are healthy and happy, they dont mind when their products name is diminished, and they dont care about other businesses, people, or animals harmed from their actions. Many of their dogs are euthanized, or have painful and serious diseases from their reckless breeding. Responsible breeders are getting a bad name from these facilities and shouldnt be associated with them because theyre quite the opposite.And while buying a dog from a reputable breeder is more expensive than getting one from a puppy mill or online, the healthy dog will cause you much less in vet bills, and will be able to stick around till its old. Other options are shelter dogs, which are generally mixes and are much healthier dogs than purebreds, and rescue organizations, which can give you a cheap purebred wit h a much clearer background of where it came from. Commercial dog-breeding facilities dont offer benefits to anybody involved in the industry they provide unnecessary harm to many animals and people who dont realize where their cute puppy actually came from. Not only are these facilities harming animals, but also our country as a whole, because they get tax breaks and are an unstable, unreliable industry that does untrusting work. These large-scale operations should be stopped and prohibited from business before more puppies are harmed, people are ripped off, and the countrys laws are ignored. kit and caboodle CitedAllan, Carrie. The Purebred Paradox. Humanesociety.org. The Humane Society of the United States, May/June 2010. Web. 20 Mar. 2012.Allen, Laura. Ohio Giving Commercial Dog Breeders a Pass on Taxes. Animallawcoalition.com. Animal Law Coalition, 4 Oct. 2010. Web. 18 Apr. 2012.LeFave, Leslie. About AKC Registration Papers and Pedigrees. Itsmagicmaltese.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 5 Mar. 2012.McMillan, Franklin D., Deborah L. Duffy, and James A. Serpell. Mental Health of Dogs Formerly Used As Breeding Stock In Commercial Breeding Establishments. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 135.1/2 (2011) 86-94. Academic Search Premier. Web. 13 Feb. 2012.United States Department of Agriculture. The Animal Welfare Act An Overview. USDA. May 2006 n.p. Web. 13 May 2012.United States Department of Agriculture. Office of Inspector General. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Animal Care Program Inspections of knotted Dealers. Washington USDA, May 2010. Web. 16 Feb. 2012.