Arthur Eisenberg and Cap Pannell

Arthur Eisenberg and Cap Pannell seemed to have the perfect partnership. They achieved huge success due to their individual skills. They created a successful firm called Eisenberg/Pannell/St. George. Sales began to soar; revenues rose 50 % in 2 years, pushing the two million dollars mark; a national magazine praised their work. However beside the scene resentment was building between Arthur & Cap. The two partners had never really discussed what each wanted from their business venture. Arthur was dedicated to his work on the other hand Cap was pretty much family centered. Arthur wanted Cap to work all night long. But Arthur refused as he had a baby. Cap and his wife started coming office with their baby Ben. This incident make Arthur furious but he didn’t discuss it with them instead he complained to other employees. The crisis occurred when cap and his wife return from a vacation. Arthur asked them into his office and told them that he would like to discontinue the relationship. Cap left the office in silence and collected his belonging. Cap still bitter, says , â€Å"The business always did well. I don’t even know the real reason we split up. I really can’t forgive him right now in my heart. † For this part, Arthur insists, â€Å" If Cap & I were at a party, we would shake hands, and talk about old times†¦.. I think Cap was as unhappy I was. He probably out of the situation, too†¦ I wish I knew what he felt. † The communication barriers that Arthur Eisenberg & Cap Pannell faces in this situation are such as difference in perception, differing emotional states, lack of commitment etc. When they were working together the communication barriers that we are talking about wasn’t there but after pending some time they realized that they had different ideas about themselves. They were totally different from each other & that’s where the communication problem occurred. Arthur was a work loving person. He always committed to work for the organization. On the other hand, Cap Pannell was more family-centered person who had to give enough time to his family. He wasn’t ready to sacrifice his time with his family members due to excessive work load. Family comes first to him. The two guys have different perception about their work. So clearly there is a communication gap between Arthur & Cap.  We also have noticed that they both have different emotion towards their family members as well. Cap possess more emotion towards his family than Arthur. He had wife & a baby. So of course he will be more family centered. On the other hand, Arthur was more work oriented person. Difference in this can create communication between the two. Lack of commitment showed by Cap is also responsible for creating communication gap. As Cap refused to work longer hours at night as well as taking frequent business tours, Arthur was very anger towards Cap. He showed his anger not to Cap but other employees of the company. Arthur was so committed to his work while Cap wasn’t. that’s where the communication gap had actually occurred. There were so many differences between the two people that had created a problem resulting communication problem. Even they don’t discuss what they were going to achieve from doing business together, what were they expecting from each other & so on so. Unless they discuss this sort of things they were always in trouble & that has happened. We have some suggestion about overcoming communication between the two. Perception cannot be changed, but they can set aside their individual perception when they come to work. They should understand each other better if they set themselves in each other’s position. Personal life is important but that should not be mixed with professional life. Personal life is different from professional life & we should build ourselves in such a way that has a firm balance between our personal life & professional life. As we see from Cap’s perspectives, we should always be committed to our work which Cap wasn’t. Communication barriers will no longer present if we compromise as much as possible when we are working together, meaning we have to sacrifice something in order to achieve something. Arthur & Cap should communicate with each other in order to achieve certain objectives which they had & try to minimize the difference between them. The best option could be know what they are expecting from each other that will make them understand each other better when they are communicating. They have to avoid those things which create misunderstanding & have a different in point of view.

God’s lift is out of order Essay

What is it like to be left behind by someone close to you? Everywhere you will find people who have lost somebody near them – it is only natural. But what makes a person want to loose their own life? Life is not always easy to be a part of and some choose to leave by committing suicide without thinking about those who are close to them. Perhaps suicide seems the only way to solve someone’s problems, but it is a selfish act and it is the people left behind who are suffering. In the short story by Karen McCarthy â€Å"God’s lift is out of order† we read about these matters. The first-person narrator of the story is a girl, a black girl from Jamaica who lives in England. She has a boyfriend, Ed, who she is in love with, but even though he is mentioned in the story, we do not hear much about him. The story centres around a whole other man named Aaron, who is a friend of the female narrator. Her story begins with a dream. It is a dream about this Aaron, who we later hear about in reference to some things the two of them have done together. After having had this dream she cannot stop thinking about Aaron and about two weeks after on Christmas Eve the narrator is getting ready for a big birthday party. This is when she accidentally finds a Valentine’s day card from Aaron, but does not have the time to read it. Without further notice she does not realise that Aaron probably was thinking of her as more than just a close friend – he could be in love with her, but does not want to interfere with what she has with Ed, so he keeps his feelings to himself. Later arriving at the party she meets Kevin, who asks her if she has heard what happened to Aaron. Kevin, not realising that the narrator does not know anything, tells her that Aaron has committed suicide. The girl is left in shock and cannot move. Throughout the story we hear about Aaron and the girl. A certain episode at a hospital is worth mentioning. Here they often go and have a cup of hot chocolate before going back home, but at this time the elevators are not working. Above them a sign reads â€Å"Goods lift is out of order† which the main character mistakenly reads as â€Å"God’s lift is out of order†. This situation in reference to Aaron’s suicide gives the title of the story. The fact that God’s lift is out of order agrees with Aaron’s early death. He dies too young because of some kind of ‘mix-up’ in God’s order. In the end of the story the main character goes to the party earlier mentioned, where she hears what has happened to Aaron. She seems to be feeling guilty, especially because of what happened the last time she talked to him and said: â€Å"mum should never have given you this number and don’t call here again† (p. 3, l. 120) She now knows exactly why things ended as they did. And the truth is that she actually did not mean the things she said, she really missed him. Her reaction towards these information’s shows that she appreciated the friendship of Aaron’s, but also that she might have had a feeling that Aaron wanted more than just friendship with her and therefore tried to keep a distance. On the one hand because of her relationship with Ed, but on the other hand she also knows that Aaron has gone too far with his drug abuse. The main themes in this story are premonition and the feeling of regret. The dream we hear about in the beginning of the story is set as a warning to the main character and afterwards she keeps thinking about Aaron. She sees him fall to his death whilst screaming out her name and she wakes up calling out his. But as any other she only sees it as a nightmare and not as a bad omen. You can think of the sign â€Å"God’s lift is out of order† as a hint to. As mentioned before it represents the wrongness of Aaron’s death – he dies too young. And had the narrator only read the Valentine’s card from Aaron, when she received it, she might have been able to prevent him from killing himself. Talking to Aaron on the phone at the incident described earlier makes her feel bad, but not nearly as much as she does after his death. The things she told him were the last words he heard from her. There is no worse feeling of regret than letting someone die without letting them know how you really feel about them. The fact that she let Aaron die thinking that she disliked him and never wanted to talk to him again is most likely unbearable and she regrets not having told him how much she would like to have kept him in her life. â€Å"Not Waving but Drowning† is a poem written by Steve Smith about a man who is drowning while crying out for help. It is a very dark poem and it can stand as an example for Aaron’s situation. Slowly the drugs are killing him and the main character does not hear his cry for help. He feels as if he is being ignored by his best friend and the woman he is in love with, but she does not know that he is depressed and has not recognised his cry for help: â€Å"I was much further out than you thought† (l. 3) After the death of Aaron the main character feels a great deal of guilt and sadness which the photo by Mick E. Westerlund expresses well. She is walking alone in dark surroundings showing a lot of sadness and pressure. The way she is walking and the feeling of guilt the main character has adds up to this girl who is walking through a gate as if ending a chapter in her life. The loss of Aaron is very hurtful and even though it is not her fault she comes to blame his death on herself. Whatever reason is given for committing suicide it cannot be justified. There are always people who get hurt and not only the one doing it. The people left behind are the ones hit the worst. However, these people do not realise that there is a better way out, that whatever problem one might have they can be solved differently if only trying hard enough. 2. Give a brief account (200-300 words) of the devices used en Edward Munch’s painting The Scream and compare it to Mick Westerlund’s photo. The Norwegian artist Edward Munch painted the world known painting â€Å"The Scream† in 1893. It is an expressionistic oil painting that centres around a screaming person. Using dramatic lines in the background draws attention further to the screaming person who is in direct focus this way. Also that the point of view is almost in human perspective makes a stronger impression. The use of warm colours in the sky in contrast with darker bluish colours gives a dramatic effect. Comparing the painting to the photo by Mick E. Westerlund is difficult because of the different devices used in these two images. â€Å"The Scream† by Edward Munch is a painting while Mick E. Westerlund’s is a photograph. To create the effect as desired he uses only black and white colours. So the only real comparison between the two images is the perspective of a human point of view and that the person in both pictures wear dark, if not black, clothes. In â€Å"The Scream† it symbolizes the chaos and frustration the person seems to be feeling and in the photo it relates to somewhere of an ending for the girl walking through the gate.

Two Kinds

Literature: Reading, Reacting, Writing, 5th Edition Laurie Kirszner and Stephen Mandell Table of Contents Preface 1. Understanding Literature Imaginative Literature Conventional Themes The Literary Canon Luisa Valenzuela, â€Å"All about Suicide† Wole Soyinka, â€Å"Telephone Conversation† Thinking Critically Interpreting Literature Evaluating Literature The Function of Literary Criticism Checklist: Evaluating Literary Criticism 2. Reading and Writing About Literature Reading Literature Previewing Highlighting Checklist: Using Highlighting Symbols Maya Angelou, â€Å"My Arkansas† Annotating Writing About LiteraturePlanning an Essay Considering your Audience Understanding Your Purpose Writing To Respond Writing To Interpret Writing To Evaluate Choosing a Topic Finding Something to Say Brainstorming Keeping a Journal Seeing Connections: Listing Deciding on a Thesis Preparing an Outline Drafting an Essay Revising and Editing an Essay Strategies for Revision The Revi sion Process Thesis Statement Support Topic Sentences Introductions and Conclusions Sentences and Words Using and Documenting Sources Checklist: Using Sources Checklist: Conventions for Writing About Literature Exercise: Two Student PapersStudent Paper: â€Å"Initiation into Adulthood† Student Paper: â€Å"Hard Choices† FICTION 3. Understanding Fiction Defining Fiction The Short Story Gary Gildner, â€Å"Sleepytime Gal† Margaret Atwood, â€Å"Happy Endings† *Jonathan Safran Foer, â€Å"A Primer for the Punctuation of Heart Disease â€Å" A Final Note 4. Reading and Writing About Fiction Reading Fiction Active Reading Alberto Alvaro Rios, The Secret Lion Previewing Highlighting and Annotating Writing About Fiction Planning an Essay Choosing a Topic Finding Something to Say Brainstorming Seeing Connections Listing Deciding on a Thesis Preparing an Outline Drafting an Essay Read Essay In Westminster Abbey AnalysisStudent Paper: Symbols in â€Å"The Secret Lion† First Draft First Draft Commentary Revising and Editing an Essay Student Paper: Symbols in â€Å"The Secret Lion† Second Draft Second Draft Commentary Student Paper: Symbols in â€Å"The Secret Lion† Final Draft Final Draft Commentary 5. Plot Conflict Stages of Plot Order and Sequence A Final Note Checklist: Writing about Plot Kate Chopin, â€Å"The Story of an Hour† Nadine Gordimer, â€Å"Once upon a Time† *Stephen Dobyns, â€Å"Kansas† William Faulkner, â€Å"A Rose for Emily† Lorrie Moore, â€Å"How to Talk to Your Mother (Notes)† Writing Suggestions: Plot 6. Character Round and Flat CharactersDynamic and Static Characters Motivation Checklist: Writing About Character John Updike, â€Å"A & P† Katherine Mansfield, â€Å"Miss Brill† Charles Baxter, â€Å"Gryphon† *Jhumpa Lahiri, â€Å"The Third and Final Continentâ₠¬  *Mary Ladd Gavell, â€Å"The Swing† Writing Suggestions: Character 7. Setting Historical Setting Geographical Setting Physical Setting Checklist: Writing About Setting Kate Chopin, The Storm Sherman Alexie, This Is What It Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona *Ralph Ellison, Battle Royal Tillie Olsen, I Stand Here Ironing *Pam Houston, Cowboys Are My Weakness Writing Suggestions: Setting 8. Point of View First Person NarratorUnreliable Narrators Third Person Narrator Omniscient Limited Omniscient Objective Selecting an Appropriate Point of View Limited Omniscient Point of View First-Person Point of View (Child) First-Person Point of View (Adult) Omniscient Point of View Selecting An Appropriate Point of View: Review Checklist: Writing about Point of View *Bessie Head, Looking for a Rain God Edgar Allen Poe, The Cask of Amontillado Richard Wright, Big Black Good Man *Gish Jen, Chin William Faulkner, Barn Burning Writing Suggestions: Point of View 9. Style, Tone, and Language Styl e and Tone The Uses of Language Formal and Informal DictionImagery Figures of Speech A Final Note Checklist: Writing about Style, Tone, and Language James Joyce, Araby *Andrea Barrett, The Littoral Zone Ernest Hemingway, A Clean, Well-Lighted Place Flannery O’Connor, A Good Man is Hard to Find Tim O’Brien, The Things They Carried Writing Suggestions: Style, Tone, and Language 10. Symbol and Allegory Literary Symbols Recognizing Symbols The Purpose of Symbols Allegory Checklist: Writing About Symbol and Allegory Nathaniel Hawthorne, Young Goodman Brown Shirley Jackson, The Lottery Alice Walker, Everyday Use *Raymond Carver, Cathedral *Richard Russo, DogWriting Suggestions: Symbol and Allegory 11. Theme Interpreting Themes (Understanding Theme in Portable) Identifying Themes Checklist: Writing About Theme David Michael Kaplan, Doe Season D. H. Lawrence, The Rocking-Horse Winner Hisaye Yamamoto, Seventeen Syllables Eudora Welty, A Worn Path *Rick Bass, The Fireman Writing Suggestions: Theme 12. Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper: A Casebook for Reading, Research, and Writing Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow Wallpaper Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Why I Wrote â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†? Elaine R. Hedges, Scudder’s Comment on â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper. † Sandra M.Gilbert and Susan Gubar, From The Madwoman in the Attic Ann J. Lane, From To Herland and Beyond: The Life and Works of Charlotte Perkins Gilman Denise D. Knight, ed. , Charlotte Perkins Gilman, From The Diaries of Charlotte Perkins Gilman Lucy Stone and Antoinette Brown Blackwell, Petition to the New Jersey Legislature Judiciary Committee of the New Jersey Assembly, Response to the Petition by Lucy Stone and Antoinette Brown Blackwell Lise Stevens, Postpartum Depression Patricia J. Williams, Beyond the Village Pale Topics for Further Research 13. Joyce Carol Oates’ Where are You Going, Where have You Been? A Casebook for Reading Research, and Writing Joyce Carol Oates, Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? Joyce Carol Oates, When Characters from the Page Are Made Flesh on the Screen Gretchen Schulz and R. J. R. Rockwood, From In Fairyland, without a Map: Connie’s Exploration Inward in Joyce Carol Oates’ â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? † Mike Tierce and John Michael Grafton, From Connie’s Tambourine Man: A New Reading of Arnold Friend† Bob Dylan, It’s All Over Now, Baby Blue Joyce M. Wegs, â€Å"Don’t You Know Who I Am? † The Grotesque in Oates’s â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? †Laura Kalpakian, Where Are you Going, Where Have You Been (book review) Stephen Slimp, Oates’s â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? † Don Moser, The Pied Piper of Tuscon The Pied Piper of Hamelin Charles Perrault, Little Red Riding Hood Topics for Further Research Student Paper 14. Fiction for Further Reading *Chinua Ac hebe, Dead Man’s Path Toni Cade Bambara, The Lesson *Donald Barthelme, City of Churches *Amy Bloom, Hold Tight T. Coraghessan Boyle, Greasy Lake *Ethan Canin, The Carnival Dog, the Buyer of Diamonds *Stephen Crane, The Open Boat *Junot Diaz, Aguantado Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni, The DisappearanceLouise Erdrich, Fleur Gabriel Garcia Marquez, A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings: A Tale for Children *Tim Gautreaux, Same Place, Same Things Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Birthmark *Raj Kamal Jha, Domestic Help Ha Jin, Sabateur James Joyce, Eveline Jamaica Kincaid, Girl Bernard Malamud, The German Refugee Herman Melville, Bartleby the Scribner Alice Munro, Boys and Girls *V. S. Naipaul, B. Wordsworth Joyce Carol Oates, Shopping *Flannery O’Connor, Good Country People Katherine Anne Porter, The Jilting of Granny Weatherall Carol Shields, Fifteen Minutes in the Life of Larry Weller John Steinbeck, The ChrysanthemumsAmy Tan, Two Kinds Anne Tyler, Teenage Wasteland POETRY 15. Understan ding Poetry Marianne Moore, Poetry Nikki Giovanni, Poetry Archibald MacLeish, Ars Poetica Defining Poetry William Shakespeare, That Time of Year Thou Mayst in Me Behold Louis Zukofsky, I Walk in the Old Street e. e. cummings, l(a Approaching Poetry Recognizing Kinds of Poetry Narrative Poetry Lyric Poetry 16. Discovering Themes in Poetry Adrienne Rich, A Woman Mourned by Daughters Raymond Carver, Photograph of my Father in His Twenty Second Year Judith Ortiz Cofer, My Father In the Navy: A Childhood Memory Poems About ParentsTheodore Roethke, My Papa’s Waltz Dylan Thomas, Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night Lucille Clifton, My Mama Moved among the Days Robert Hayden, Those Winter Sundays Seamus Heaney, Digging Simon J. Ortiz, My Father’s Song *Yehuda Amichai, My Father *Jill Bialosky, The Boy Beheld his Mother’s Past Poems about Love Christopher Marlowe, The Passionate Shepherd to His Love Sir Walter Raleigh, The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd Thomas Cam pion, There Is a Garden in Her Face William Shakespeare, My Mistress’ Eyes Are Nothing like the Sun Robert Browning, Meeting at Night Robert Browning, Parting At MorningElizabeth Barrett Browning, How Do I Love Thee? Edna St. Vincent Millay, What Lips My Lips Have Kissed W. H. Auden, Stop All the Clocks, Cut Off the Telephone Dorothy Parker, General Review of the Sex Situation Sylvia Plath, Wreath for a Bridal Ted Hughes, A Pink Wool Knitted Dress Poems About War Rupert Brooke, The Soldier Wilfred Owen, Anthem for Doomed Youth William Butler Yeats, An Irish Airman Foresees His Death Robert Lowell, For the Union Dead Denise Levertov, What Were They Like *Carl Phillips, On the Notion of Tenderness in Wartime Boris Slutsky, How Did They Kill My GrandmotherBilly Joel, Goodnight Saigon Yusef Komunyakaa, Facing It *Wislawa Szymborska, The End and the Beginning 17. Reading and Writing About Poetry Reading Poetry Active Reading Previewing Highlighting and Annotating Robert Hayden, Th ose Winter Sundays Seamus Heaney, Digging Writing About Poetry Planning an Essay Choosing a Topic Seeing Connections Listing Deciding on a Thesis Preparing an Outline Drafting an Essay Student Paper: A Comparison of Two Poems about Fathers (First Draft) First Draft Commentary Revising and Editing an Essay Student Paper: A Comparison of Two Poems about Fathers (Second Draft)Second Draft Commentary Student Paper, Digging For Memories (Final Draft) Final Draft Commentary 18. Voice Emily Dickinson, I’m Nobody! Who Are You? The Speaker in the Poem Louise Gluck, Gretel in Darkness Leonard Adame, My Grandmother Would Rock Quietly and Hum Langston Hughes, Negro Robert Browning, My Last Duchess Leslie Marmon Silko, Where Mountain Lion Lay Down with Deer Janice Mirikitani, Suicide Note *Deborah Garrison, An Idle Thought *James Tate, Nice Car, Camille *Dorianne Laux, The Shipfitter’s Wife The Tone of the Poem Robert Frost, Fire and Ice Thomas Hardy, The Man He Killed Amy Lowell, Patterns Adam Zagajewski, Try to Praise the Mutilated World William Wordsworth, The World Is Too Much with Us Sylvia Plath, Morning Song Robert Herrick, To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time *Steve Kowit, The Grammar Lesson Irony Robert Browning, Porphyria’s Lover Percy Bysshe Shelley, Ozymandias Ariel Dorfman, Hope W. H. Auden, The Unknown Citizen Anne Sexton, Cinderella Dudley Randall, Ballad of Birmingham *Sherman Alexie, How to Write the Great American Indian Novel *Rachel Rose, What We Heard about the Japanese *Rachel Rose, What the Japanese Perhaps Heard Checklist: Writing about Voice Writing Suggestions: Voice 9. Word Choice, Word Order Sipho Sepamla, Words, Words, Words Word Choice Walt Whitman, When I Heard the Learn’d Astronomer William Stafford, For the Grave of Daniel Boone James Wright, Autumn Begins in Martins Ferry, Ohio Adrienne Rich, Living in Sin e. e. cummings, in Just- Theodore Roethke, I Knew a Woman *Robert Pinsky, ABC Levels of Diction Margaret At wood, The City Planners Jim Sagel, Baca Grande *Wanda Coleman, Sears Life *Mark Halliday, The Value of Education Barbara L. Greenberg, The Faithful Wife Richard Wilbur, For the Student Strikers Charles Bukowski, Dog Fight Dialect Faye Kicknosway, GracieRobert Burns, John Anderson My Jo Gwendolyn Brooks, We Real Cool Word Order Edmund Spenser, One Day I Wrote Her Name upon the Strand e. e. cummings, anyone lived in a pretty how town A. E. Housman, To An Athlete Dying Young Emily Dickinson, My Life Had Stood—A Loaded Gun Checklist: Writing About Word Choice, Word Order Writing Suggestions: Word Choice, Word Order 20. Imagery Jane Flanders, Cloud Painter William Carlos Williams, Red Wheelbarrow Ezra Pound, In a Station of the Metro Gary Snyder, Some Good Things to be Said for the Iron Age Suzanne E. Berger, The Meal William Carlos Williams, The Great Figure Michael Chitwood, Division *Lam Thi My Da, Washing Rice *Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni, The Alley of Flowers *Edward Hirsch, M an on a Fire Escape *Maxine Kumin, Vignette *Michael McFee, Valentine’s Afternoon Robert Frost, Nothing Gold Can Stay Jean Toomer, Reapers Wilfred Owen, Dulce et Decorum est Checklist: Writing about Imagery Writing Suggestions: Imagery 21. Figures of Speech William Shakespeare, Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day? Simile, Metaphor, and Personification Langston Hughes, Harlem Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Constantly Risking Absurdity Audre Lorde, Rooming Houses Are Old WomenRobert Burns, Oh, My Love Is like A Red, Red, Rose John Updike, Ex-Basketball Player Randall Jarrell, The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner Marge Piercy, The Secretary Chant John Donne, A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning *E. B. White, Natural History *Bei Dau, A Bouquet *Martin Espada, My Father as Guitar *Mary Jo Salter, Kangaroo Hyperbole and Understatement Sylvia Plath, Daddy David Huddle, Holes Commence Falling Anne Bradstreet, To My Dear and Loving Husband Andrew Marvell, To His Coy Mistress Robert Fr ost, Out, Out— Donald Hall, My Son, My Executioner Margaret Atwood, You Fit Into Me *Sherod Santos, Spring ElegyMetonymy and Synecdoche Richard Lovelace, To Lucasta Going to the Wars *Thomas Lux, Henry Clay’s Mouth Apostrophe Sonia Sanchez, On Passing thru Morgantown, Pa *Allen Ginsberg, A Supermarket in California Checklist: Writing About Figures of Speech Writing Suggestions: Figures of Speech 22. Sound Walt Whitman, Had I the Choice Rhythm Gwendolyn Brooks, Sadie and Maud Meter Emily Dickinson, I Like to See It Lap the Miles Adrienne Rich, Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers Etheridge Knight, For Malcolm, a Year After Alliteration and Assonance Alfred, Lord Tennyson, The Eagle N. Scott Momaday, Comparatives Robert Herrick, Delight in DisorderRhyme Ogden Nash, The Llama Richard Wilbur, A Sketch Gerald Manley Hopkins, Pied Beauty W. H. Auden, As I Walked Out One Evening *Kelly Cherry, Nobody’s Fool *Lydia Davis, A Mown Lawn *Robert Francis, Pitcher *Alan Shapiro, A P arting Gift *Mona Van Duyn, The Beginning Lewis Carroll, Jabberwocky Checklist: Writing About Sound Writing Suggestions: Sound 23. Form John Keats, On the Sonnet *Billy Collins, Sonnet Closed Form Blank Verse Stanza The Sonnet William Shakespeare, When, in Disgrace with Fortune and Men’s Eyes Claude McKay, The White City John Keats, On First Looking into Chapman’s HomerGwendolyn Brooks, First Fight. Then Fiddle *Mona Van Duyn, Minimalist Sonnet The Sestina Alberto Alvaro Rios, Nani Elizabeth Bishop, Sestina The Villanelle Theodore Roethke, The Waking William Meredith, In Memory of Donald A. Stauffer The Epigram Samuel Taylor Coleridge, What Is an Epigram? William Blake, Her Whole Life Is an Epigram *Martin Espada, Why I Went to College Haiku Richard Brautigan, Widow’s Lament Matsuo Basho, Four Haiku Carolyn Kizer, After Basho Open Form Carl Sandburg, Chicago Louise Gluck, Life is a Nice Place e. e. cummings, the sky was can dy Walt Whitman, from Out of the Cradl e Endlessly RockingDiane Wakoski, Sleep Robert Hayden, Monet’s Waterlillies William Carlos Williams, Spring and All Carolyn Forche, The Colonel *Pat Mora, Immigrants *Czeslaw Milosz, Christopher Robin Concrete Poetry May Swenson, Women George Herbert, Easter Wings *Greg Williamson, Group Photo with Winter Trees Checklist: Writing About Form Writing Suggestions: Form 24. Symbol, Allegory, Allusion, and Myth William Blake, The Sick Rose Symbol Robert Frost, For Once, Then Something Jim Simmerman, Child’s Grave, Hale County, Alabama Emily Dickinson, Volcanoes Be in Sicily Langston Hughes, Island Theodore Roethke, Night CrowAllegory Christina Rossetti, Uphill Adrienne Rich, Diving into the Wreck Allusion Wole Soyinka, Future Plans William Meredith, Dreams of Suicide Delmore Schwartz, The True-Blue American Myth Countee Cullen, Yet Do I Marvel Louise Erdrich, Windigo William Butler Yeats, Leda and the Swan Derek Walcott, Sea Grapes W. H. Auden, Musee des Beaux Arts *T. S. E liot, The Journey of the Magi *Elizabeth Holmes, The Fathers Checklist: Writing about Symbol, Allegory, Allusion, and Myth Writing Suggestions: Symbol Allegory, Allusion, and Myth 25. The Poetry of Emily Dickinson: A Casebook for Reading, Research, and WritingEmily Dickinson, â€Å"Success is counted sweetest† Emily Dickinson, â€Å"Faith is a fine invention† Emily Dickinson, â€Å"I taste a liquor never brewed—† Emily Dickinson, â€Å"Safe in their Alabaster Chambers—† Emily Dickinson, â€Å"â€Å"Heaven† – Is what I cannot reach! † Emily Dickinson, â€Å"Wild Nights—Wild Nights! † Emily Dickinson, â€Å"The Soul Selects Her own Society† Emily Dickinson, â€Å"Nature—sometimes sears a Sapling—† Emily Dickinson, â€Å"Some keep the Sabbath going to Church—† Emily Dickinson, â€Å"After great pain, A formal feeling comes—† Emily Dickinson, â€Å"I Read My Sentence—Steadily—† Emily Dickinson, â€Å"We grow accustomed to the Dark—†Emily Dickinson, â€Å"Much Madness is divinest Sense—† Emily Dickinson, â€Å"This is my letter to the World† Emily Dickinson, â€Å"I heard a fly buzz—when I died—† Emily Dickinson, â€Å"The Brain—is wider than the Sky—† Emily Dickinson, â€Å"I dwell in Possibility—† Emily Dickinson, â€Å"One need not be a Chamber—to be Haunted—† Emily Dickinson, â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death—† Emily Dickinson, â€Å"The Only News I know† Emily Dickinson, â€Å"I never saw a Moor—† Emily Dickinson, â€Å"The Bustle in a House† Emily Dickinson, â€Å"Tell all the Truth but tell it slant—† Emily Dickinson, â€Å"There is no Frigate like a Book† Emily Dickinson, â€Å"That Love is all there is,†Thomas H. Johnso n and Theodora Ward, From The Letters of Emily Dickinson Burdick, E. Miller, From Emily Dickinson and the Life of Language Judith Farr, From The Passion of Emily Dickinson Richard B. Sewall, From The Life of Emily Dickinson Judy Jo Small, From Positive as Sound: Emily Dickinson’s Rhyme Allen Tate, Emily Dickinson Shankar Vedantam, Did a Bipolar Trait bring a Turn for the Verse? Michael Ryan, Vocation According to Dickinson Suzanne Juhasz, Christanne Miller, and Martha Nell Smith, Emily Dickinson’s Feminist Humor James L. Dean, Dickinson’s â€Å"Wild Nights! † Research QuestionsStudent Paper The Musicality of Emily Dickinson’s Poetry 26. The Poetry of Langston Hughes: A Casebook for Reading, Research, and Writing Langston Hughes, The Negro Speaks of Rivers Langston Hughes, The Weary Blues Langston Hughes, I, To Langston Hughes, Ballad of the Landlord Langston Hughes, The Ballad of Booker T Langston Hughes, Theme for English B Langston Hughes, Dream Boogie Langston Hughes, Birmingham Sunday (September 15, 1963) Langston Hughes, Old Walt Langston Hughes, Genius Child Langston Hughes, Lenox Avenue: Midnight Langston Hughes, Park Bench Langston Hughes, The Un-American InvestigatorsLangston Hughes, Dinner Guest: Me Langston Hughes, The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain Langston Hughes, To Negro Writers Langston Hughes, My Adventures as a Social Poet Arnold Rampersad, The Origins of Poetry in Langston Hughes Herman Beavers, Dead Rocks and Sleeping Men: Aurality in the Aesthetic of Langston Hughes Steven C. Tracy, â€Å"Midnight Ruffles of CatGut Lace†: The Boogie Poems of Langston Hughes Karen Jackson Ford, Do Right to Write Right: Langston Hughes Aesthetics of Simplicity George B. Hutchinson, Langston Hughes and the â€Å"Other† Whitman C. D. Rogers, â€Å"Hughes’s ‘Genius Child’†Research Questions Student Paper: Challenging the Father/Challenging the Self: Langston Hughes’s  "The Negro Speaks of Rivers† 27. Poetry for Further Reading Sherman Alexie, Defending Walt Whitman Maya Angelou, Africa Anonymous, Bonny Barbara Allan Anonymous, Western Wind Matthew Arnold, Dover Beach *John Ashbery, Myrtle *Elizabeth Alexander, Apollo Margaret Atwood, This Is A Photograph of Me *Robin Behn, Whether or Not There Are Apples *Elizabeth Bishop, The Fish William Blake, The Chimney Sweeper William Blake, The Lamb *William Blake, To See a World in a Grain of Sand William Blake, LondonWilliam Blake, The Tyger *Eavon Boland, The Emigrant Irish Anne Bradstreet, The Author to Her Book Gwendolyn Brooks, The Ballad of Rudolph Reed Gwendolyn Brooks, The Chicago Defender Sends a Man to Little Rock Gwendolyn Brooks, Medgar Evers George Gordon, Lord Byron, She Walks in Beauty *Shulamith Wechter Caine, Intellectual Heritage *Raphael Campo, Oysters *Phyllis Capello, In Memory of Jenny and Evelyn Who Were Playing When the Stoop Collapsed *Lucille Clifton, the mississippi river empties into the gulf *Judith Ortiz Cofer, Claims Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Kubla Khan *Billy Collins, Lines Lost Among Trees Hart Crane, To Brooklyn Bridge *Victor Hernandez Cruz, Anonymous e. e. cummings, Buffalo Bill’s E. E. Cummings, next to of course god America i Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni, The Brides Come to Yuba City John Donne, Batter My Heart, Three-Personed God John Donne, Death Be Not Proud John Donne, Song *Mark Doty, A Display of Mackerel Rita Dove, The Satisfaction Coal Company *Gregory Djanikan, Immigrant Picnic *Stephen Dunn, Waiting with Two Members of a Motorcycle Gang for My Child to Be Born Paul Laurence Dunbar, We Wear the Mask T. S. Eliot, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock James A. Emanuel, Emmett TillLouise Erdrich, Indian Boarding School: The Runaways Robert Frost, Acquainted with the Night Robert Frost, Birches Robert Frost, Desert Places Robert Frost, Mending Wall Robert Frost, The Road Not Taken Robert Frost, Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening * Frederico Garcia Lorca, Arbole Arbole *Deborah Garrison, Please Fire Me Nikki Giovanni, Nikki-Rosa *Jorie Graham, I Was Taught Three H. D. , Heat H. D. , Helen *Marilyn Hacker, I’m Four *Rachel Hadas, Thick and Thin *Joy Harjo, Morning Song Thomas Hardy, The Convergence of the Twain Robert Hayden, Homage to the Empress of the Blues *Seamus Heaney, Mid-term BreakGerard Manley Hopkins, God’s Grandeur Gerard Manley Hopkins, The Windhover *Garett Kaoru Hongo, The Hongo Store 29 Miles Volcano Hilo, Hawaii *Andrew Hudgins, Desert Island Ted Hughes, Visit *Donald Justice, On the Death of Friends in Childhood *Donald Justice, School Letting Out John Keats, La Belle Dame sans Merci: A Ballad John Keats, Bright Star! Would I Were Steadfast as Thou Art John Keats, Ode on a Gredian Urn John Keats, When I Have Fears *Aron Keesbury, On the Robbery across the Street *Jane Kenyon, A Boy Goes into the World Philip Larkin, Aubade *Li-Young Lee, The Gift *Phillip Levine, Llanto Harry McC abe, Evening at the Shack Claude McKay, If We Must Die *James Merrill, Page from the Koran *M. S. Merwin, For the Anniversary of My Death John Milton, When I Consider How My Light Is Spent Pablo Neruda, The United Fruit Co. *Dan Nester, Pay Per View etude *Sharon Olds, The One Girl at the Boys Party Sharon Olds, Rite of Passage *Frank O’Hara, Autobiographia Literaria *Mary Oliver, Alligator Poem Michael Ondaatje, Dates *Gregory Orr, Once the two of us Linda Pastan, Ethics Linda Pastan, Marks *Lucia Perillo, Scott Wonders if His Daughter Will Understand Tragedy if He Kills Rock and RollMarge Piercy, Barbie Doll Marge Piercy, The Friend *Robert Pinsky, If You Could Write One Great Poem, What Would You Want It to Be About? Sylvia Plath, Metaphors Sylvia Plath, Mirror Ezra Pound, The River-Merchant’s Wife: A Letter Henry Reed, Naming of Parts Edwin Arlington Robinson, Miniver Cheevy Edwin Arlington Robinson, Richard Cory *Kay Ryan, That Will to Divest Carl Sandburg, Fog *S onia Sanchez, right on: white america Anne Sexton, Sylvia’s Death William Shakespeare, Let Me Not to the Marriage of True Minds William Shakespeare, Not Marble, nor the Gilded Monuments Percy Bysshe Shelley, Ode to the West Wind Charles Simic, Spring *Louis Simpson, A Shearling Coat Stevie Smith, Not Waving but Drowning Cathy Song, Lost Sister Gary Soto, Black Hair *Wole Soyinka, Hamlet Barry Spacks, On Finding a Yiddish Newspaper on the Riverside Line William Stafford, Traveling through the Dark Wallace Stevens, Anecdote of the Jar Wallace Stevens, The Emperor of Ice-Cream *Mark Strand, Old Man Leaves a Party *Virgil Suarez, Aguacero Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Ulysses *John Updike, Rainbow Gina Valdes, My Mother Sews Blouses Margaret Walker, Lineage Edmund Waller, Go, Lovely Rose James Welch, The Man from WashingtonPhyllis Wheatley, On Being Brought from Africa to America Walt Whitman, A Noiseless Patient Spider Walt Whitman, from Song of Myself *C. K. Williams, Tantrum William Carlos Williams, The Dance William Wordsworth, Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802 William Wordsworth, I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud William Wordsworth, My Heart Leaps Up When I Behold William Wordsworth, She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways William Wordsworth, The Solitary Reaper William Butler Yeats, Crazy Jane Talks with the Bishop William Butler Yeats, The Lake Isle of Innisfree William Butler Yeats, Sailing to ByzantiumWilliam Butler Yeats, The Second Coming 28. Biographical Sketches of Selected Poets DRAMA 29. Understanding Drama Dramatic Literature The Origins of the Modern Theater The Ancient Greek Theater The Elizabethan Theater The Modern Theater Kinds of Drama Tragedy Comedy A Note on Translations August Strindberg, The Stronger *Jane Martin, Beauty Reading Drama (only in Portable) 30. Reading and Writing About Drama Reading Drama Active Reading Previewing Highlighting or Annotating Writing About Drama Planning an Essay Choosing a Topic Finding Something to S ay Seeing Connections Deciding on a Thesis Preparing an OutlineDrafting an Essay Student Paper: The Women’s Role in Trifles (First Draft) First Draft Commentary Revising and Editing an Essay Student Paper: Confinement and Rebellion in Trifles (Second Draft) Second Draft Commentary Student Paper: Desperate Measures: Acts of Defiance in Trifles (Final Draft) Final Draft Commentary 31. Plot Plot Structure Plot and Subplot Plot Development Flashbacks Foreshadowing Checklist: Writing About Plot Susan Glaspell, Trifles *Sam Shepard, True West Henrik Ibsen, A Doll House Writing Suggestions: Plot 32. Character Character’s Words Formal and Informal Language Plain and Elaborate Style Tone IronyCharacter’s Actions Stage Directions Actor’s Interpretations Checklist: Writing About Character Anton Chekov, The Brute Paddy Chayefsky, Marty *David Auburn, Proof Arthur Miller, Death of a Salesman Writing Suggestions: Character 33. Staging Stage Directions The Uses of Stagi ng Costumes Props Scenery and Lighting Music and Sound Effects A Final Note Checklist: Writing About Staging Milcha Sanchez-Scott, The Cuban Swimmer Sophocles, Oedipus the King William Shakespeare, A Midsummer Night’s Dream Writing Suggestions: Staging 34. Theme Titles Conflicts Dialogue Characters Staging A Final Note Checklist: Writing About ThemeWendy Wasserstein, Tender Offer *Margaret Edson, W;t Sophocles, Antigone August Wilson, Fences Writing Suggestions: Theme 35. Tennessee Williams’ The Glass Menagerie: A Casebook for Reading, Research, and Writing Tennessee Williams, The Glass Menagerie Tennessee Williams, Author’s Production Notes (Preface to the Published Edition) James Fisher, From The Angels of Fructification Eric P. Levy, From Through the Soundproof Glass Jacqueline O’Connor, From Dramatizing Dementia: Madness in the Plays of Tennessee Williams Edwina Dakin Williams, Tennessee Williams, Dakin Williams, and Shepherd Meade, Excerpts from Thre e MemoirsJean Evans and Walter Wager, Excerpts from Two Interviews with Williams Thomas L. King, Irony and Distance in The Glass Menagerie Nancy Tischler, Nancy Marie Patterson, From A Student Companion to Tennessee Williams Roger B. Stein, From The Glass Menagerie Revisited: Catastrophe without Violence Tom Scanlan, from Family, Drama, and American Dreams Roger Boxill, The Glass Menagerie Tennessee Williams, Portrait of a Girl in Glass Topics for Further Research Student Paper: Laura’s Gentlemen Caller 36. William Shakespeare’s Hamlet: A Casebook for Reading, Research, and Writing William Shakespeare, HamletElizabeth Mullenix, Reitz, The Sublime or the Ridiculous? Siyang, Zhang, Hamlet’s Melancholy Vince Escanalar, Foils in Hamlet Mark Rose, From Reforming the Role Ellen J. O’Brien, From Revision by Excision: Rewriting Gertrude June Schlueter and James P. Lusardi, From Study to Stage to Classroom Sandra K. Fisher, Ophelia’s Mad Speeches Topics for Further Research Student Paper: â€Å"Reclaiming Shakespeare’s Gertrude: Rejecting Role Revisions on Stage and in Film† WRITING ABOUT LITERATURE 37. Three Common Writing Assignments 38. Writing a Research Paper Choosing a Topic Looking for Sources Narrowing Your TopicDoing Research Taking Notes Integrating Sources Avoiding Plagiarism Drafting a Thesis Statement Making an Outline Writing Your Paper Documenting Your Sources Parenthetical References in the Text Guidelines for Punctuating Parenthetical References Sample References The List of Works Cited Informal Documentation Content Notes To Cite Several Sources To Provide Explanations Sample Literature Papers with MLA Documentation Student Paper, And Again She Makes the Journey: Character and act in Eudora Welty’s A Worn Path Student Paper: â€Å"A & P†: A Class Act 39. Using Literary Theory in Your Writing FormalismA Formalist Reading: Kate Chopan’s â€Å"The Storm† For Further Reading: For malism Reader-Response Criticism Reader-Response Reading’s: Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Storm† For Further Reading: Reader-Response Criticims Sociological Criticism Feminist Criticism A Feminist Reading: Tillie Olsen’s â€Å"I Stand Here Ironing† For Further Reading: Feminist Criticism Marxist Criticism A Marxist Reading: Tillie Olsen’s â€Å"I Stand Here Ironing† For Further Reading: Marxist Criticism New Historicism A New Historicist Reading: Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† For Further Reading: New Historicist CriticismPsychoanalytic Criticism Psychoanalytic Terms A Psychoanalytic Reading: Edgar Allen Poe’s â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† For Further Reading: Psychoanalytic Criticism Structuralism A Structuralist Reading: William Faulkner’s â€Å"Barn Burning† For Further Reading: Structuralism Deconstruction A Deconstructionist Reading: Flannery O’Connor’s â €Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find† For Further Reading: Deconstruction 40. Writing Essay Exams About Literature Planning an Essay Exam Answer Review Your Material Consider Your Audience and Purpose Read through the Entire Exam Read the Question CarefullyKey Words in Exam Questions Brainstorm to Find Ideas Shaping an Essay Exam Answer Stating a Thesis Making a Scratch Outline Drafting and Revising an Essay Exam Answer Appendix A: Literary History: Aristotle to the Twentieth Century Beginnings: The Greeks and Romas (c. 450 b. c. – a. d. 400) The Middle Agesa (c. A. D. 400 – 1500) The Renaissance (c. 1500-1660) The Enlightenment (c. 1660 – 1798) The Romantic Period (1798 – 1837) The Victorian Period (1837 – 1901) The Modern Period (1901 – Present) Glossary of Literary Terms Acknowledgements Index of Authors, Titles, and First Lines of Poetry Two Kinds Literature: Reading, Reacting, Writing, 5th Edition Laurie Kirszner and Stephen Mandell Table of Contents Preface 1. Understanding Literature Imaginative Literature Conventional Themes The Literary Canon Luisa Valenzuela, â€Å"All about Suicide† Wole Soyinka, â€Å"Telephone Conversation† Thinking Critically Interpreting Literature Evaluating Literature The Function of Literary Criticism Checklist: Evaluating Literary Criticism 2. Reading and Writing About Literature Reading Literature Previewing Highlighting Checklist: Using Highlighting Symbols Maya Angelou, â€Å"My Arkansas† Annotating Writing About LiteraturePlanning an Essay Considering your Audience Understanding Your Purpose Writing To Respond Writing To Interpret Writing To Evaluate Choosing a Topic Finding Something to Say Brainstorming Keeping a Journal Seeing Connections: Listing Deciding on a Thesis Preparing an Outline Drafting an Essay Revising and Editing an Essay Strategies for Revision The Revi sion Process Thesis Statement Support Topic Sentences Introductions and Conclusions Sentences and Words Using and Documenting Sources Checklist: Using Sources Checklist: Conventions for Writing About Literature Exercise: Two Student PapersStudent Paper: â€Å"Initiation into Adulthood† Student Paper: â€Å"Hard Choices† FICTION 3. Understanding Fiction Defining Fiction The Short Story Gary Gildner, â€Å"Sleepytime Gal† Margaret Atwood, â€Å"Happy Endings† *Jonathan Safran Foer, â€Å"A Primer for the Punctuation of Heart Disease â€Å" A Final Note 4. Reading and Writing About Fiction Reading Fiction Active Reading Alberto Alvaro Rios, The Secret Lion Previewing Highlighting and Annotating Writing About Fiction Planning an Essay Choosing a Topic Finding Something to Say Brainstorming Seeing Connections Listing Deciding on a Thesis Preparing an Outline Drafting an Essay Read Essay In Westminster Abbey AnalysisStudent Paper: Symbols in â€Å"The Secret Lion† First Draft First Draft Commentary Revising and Editing an Essay Student Paper: Symbols in â€Å"The Secret Lion† Second Draft Second Draft Commentary Student Paper: Symbols in â€Å"The Secret Lion† Final Draft Final Draft Commentary 5. Plot Conflict Stages of Plot Order and Sequence A Final Note Checklist: Writing about Plot Kate Chopin, â€Å"The Story of an Hour† Nadine Gordimer, â€Å"Once upon a Time† *Stephen Dobyns, â€Å"Kansas† William Faulkner, â€Å"A Rose for Emily† Lorrie Moore, â€Å"How to Talk to Your Mother (Notes)† Writing Suggestions: Plot 6. Character Round and Flat CharactersDynamic and Static Characters Motivation Checklist: Writing About Character John Updike, â€Å"A & P† Katherine Mansfield, â€Å"Miss Brill† Charles Baxter, â€Å"Gryphon† *Jhumpa Lahiri, â€Å"The Third and Final Continentâ₠¬  *Mary Ladd Gavell, â€Å"The Swing† Writing Suggestions: Character 7. Setting Historical Setting Geographical Setting Physical Setting Checklist: Writing About Setting Kate Chopin, The Storm Sherman Alexie, This Is What It Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona *Ralph Ellison, Battle Royal Tillie Olsen, I Stand Here Ironing *Pam Houston, Cowboys Are My Weakness Writing Suggestions: Setting 8. Point of View First Person NarratorUnreliable Narrators Third Person Narrator Omniscient Limited Omniscient Objective Selecting an Appropriate Point of View Limited Omniscient Point of View First-Person Point of View (Child) First-Person Point of View (Adult) Omniscient Point of View Selecting An Appropriate Point of View: Review Checklist: Writing about Point of View *Bessie Head, Looking for a Rain God Edgar Allen Poe, The Cask of Amontillado Richard Wright, Big Black Good Man *Gish Jen, Chin William Faulkner, Barn Burning Writing Suggestions: Point of View 9. Style, Tone, and Language Styl e and Tone The Uses of Language Formal and Informal DictionImagery Figures of Speech A Final Note Checklist: Writing about Style, Tone, and Language James Joyce, Araby *Andrea Barrett, The Littoral Zone Ernest Hemingway, A Clean, Well-Lighted Place Flannery O’Connor, A Good Man is Hard to Find Tim O’Brien, The Things They Carried Writing Suggestions: Style, Tone, and Language 10. Symbol and Allegory Literary Symbols Recognizing Symbols The Purpose of Symbols Allegory Checklist: Writing About Symbol and Allegory Nathaniel Hawthorne, Young Goodman Brown Shirley Jackson, The Lottery Alice Walker, Everyday Use *Raymond Carver, Cathedral *Richard Russo, DogWriting Suggestions: Symbol and Allegory 11. Theme Interpreting Themes (Understanding Theme in Portable) Identifying Themes Checklist: Writing About Theme David Michael Kaplan, Doe Season D. H. Lawrence, The Rocking-Horse Winner Hisaye Yamamoto, Seventeen Syllables Eudora Welty, A Worn Path *Rick Bass, The Fireman Writing Suggestions: Theme 12. Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper: A Casebook for Reading, Research, and Writing Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow Wallpaper Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Why I Wrote â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†? Elaine R. Hedges, Scudder’s Comment on â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper. † Sandra M.Gilbert and Susan Gubar, From The Madwoman in the Attic Ann J. Lane, From To Herland and Beyond: The Life and Works of Charlotte Perkins Gilman Denise D. Knight, ed. , Charlotte Perkins Gilman, From The Diaries of Charlotte Perkins Gilman Lucy Stone and Antoinette Brown Blackwell, Petition to the New Jersey Legislature Judiciary Committee of the New Jersey Assembly, Response to the Petition by Lucy Stone and Antoinette Brown Blackwell Lise Stevens, Postpartum Depression Patricia J. Williams, Beyond the Village Pale Topics for Further Research 13. Joyce Carol Oates’ Where are You Going, Where have You Been? A Casebook for Reading Research, and Writing Joyce Carol Oates, Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? Joyce Carol Oates, When Characters from the Page Are Made Flesh on the Screen Gretchen Schulz and R. J. R. Rockwood, From In Fairyland, without a Map: Connie’s Exploration Inward in Joyce Carol Oates’ â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? † Mike Tierce and John Michael Grafton, From Connie’s Tambourine Man: A New Reading of Arnold Friend† Bob Dylan, It’s All Over Now, Baby Blue Joyce M. Wegs, â€Å"Don’t You Know Who I Am? † The Grotesque in Oates’s â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? †Laura Kalpakian, Where Are you Going, Where Have You Been (book review) Stephen Slimp, Oates’s â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? † Don Moser, The Pied Piper of Tuscon The Pied Piper of Hamelin Charles Perrault, Little Red Riding Hood Topics for Further Research Student Paper 14. Fiction for Further Reading *Chinua Ac hebe, Dead Man’s Path Toni Cade Bambara, The Lesson *Donald Barthelme, City of Churches *Amy Bloom, Hold Tight T. Coraghessan Boyle, Greasy Lake *Ethan Canin, The Carnival Dog, the Buyer of Diamonds *Stephen Crane, The Open Boat *Junot Diaz, Aguantado Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni, The DisappearanceLouise Erdrich, Fleur Gabriel Garcia Marquez, A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings: A Tale for Children *Tim Gautreaux, Same Place, Same Things Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Birthmark *Raj Kamal Jha, Domestic Help Ha Jin, Sabateur James Joyce, Eveline Jamaica Kincaid, Girl Bernard Malamud, The German Refugee Herman Melville, Bartleby the Scribner Alice Munro, Boys and Girls *V. S. Naipaul, B. Wordsworth Joyce Carol Oates, Shopping *Flannery O’Connor, Good Country People Katherine Anne Porter, The Jilting of Granny Weatherall Carol Shields, Fifteen Minutes in the Life of Larry Weller John Steinbeck, The ChrysanthemumsAmy Tan, Two Kinds Anne Tyler, Teenage Wasteland POETRY 15. Understan ding Poetry Marianne Moore, Poetry Nikki Giovanni, Poetry Archibald MacLeish, Ars Poetica Defining Poetry William Shakespeare, That Time of Year Thou Mayst in Me Behold Louis Zukofsky, I Walk in the Old Street e. e. cummings, l(a Approaching Poetry Recognizing Kinds of Poetry Narrative Poetry Lyric Poetry 16. Discovering Themes in Poetry Adrienne Rich, A Woman Mourned by Daughters Raymond Carver, Photograph of my Father in His Twenty Second Year Judith Ortiz Cofer, My Father In the Navy: A Childhood Memory Poems About ParentsTheodore Roethke, My Papa’s Waltz Dylan Thomas, Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night Lucille Clifton, My Mama Moved among the Days Robert Hayden, Those Winter Sundays Seamus Heaney, Digging Simon J. Ortiz, My Father’s Song *Yehuda Amichai, My Father *Jill Bialosky, The Boy Beheld his Mother’s Past Poems about Love Christopher Marlowe, The Passionate Shepherd to His Love Sir Walter Raleigh, The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd Thomas Cam pion, There Is a Garden in Her Face William Shakespeare, My Mistress’ Eyes Are Nothing like the Sun Robert Browning, Meeting at Night Robert Browning, Parting At MorningElizabeth Barrett Browning, How Do I Love Thee? Edna St. Vincent Millay, What Lips My Lips Have Kissed W. H. Auden, Stop All the Clocks, Cut Off the Telephone Dorothy Parker, General Review of the Sex Situation Sylvia Plath, Wreath for a Bridal Ted Hughes, A Pink Wool Knitted Dress Poems About War Rupert Brooke, The Soldier Wilfred Owen, Anthem for Doomed Youth William Butler Yeats, An Irish Airman Foresees His Death Robert Lowell, For the Union Dead Denise Levertov, What Were They Like *Carl Phillips, On the Notion of Tenderness in Wartime Boris Slutsky, How Did They Kill My GrandmotherBilly Joel, Goodnight Saigon Yusef Komunyakaa, Facing It *Wislawa Szymborska, The End and the Beginning 17. Reading and Writing About Poetry Reading Poetry Active Reading Previewing Highlighting and Annotating Robert Hayden, Th ose Winter Sundays Seamus Heaney, Digging Writing About Poetry Planning an Essay Choosing a Topic Seeing Connections Listing Deciding on a Thesis Preparing an Outline Drafting an Essay Student Paper: A Comparison of Two Poems about Fathers (First Draft) First Draft Commentary Revising and Editing an Essay Student Paper: A Comparison of Two Poems about Fathers (Second Draft)Second Draft Commentary Student Paper, Digging For Memories (Final Draft) Final Draft Commentary 18. Voice Emily Dickinson, I’m Nobody! Who Are You? The Speaker in the Poem Louise Gluck, Gretel in Darkness Leonard Adame, My Grandmother Would Rock Quietly and Hum Langston Hughes, Negro Robert Browning, My Last Duchess Leslie Marmon Silko, Where Mountain Lion Lay Down with Deer Janice Mirikitani, Suicide Note *Deborah Garrison, An Idle Thought *James Tate, Nice Car, Camille *Dorianne Laux, The Shipfitter’s Wife The Tone of the Poem Robert Frost, Fire and Ice Thomas Hardy, The Man He Killed Amy Lowell, Patterns Adam Zagajewski, Try to Praise the Mutilated World William Wordsworth, The World Is Too Much with Us Sylvia Plath, Morning Song Robert Herrick, To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time *Steve Kowit, The Grammar Lesson Irony Robert Browning, Porphyria’s Lover Percy Bysshe Shelley, Ozymandias Ariel Dorfman, Hope W. H. Auden, The Unknown Citizen Anne Sexton, Cinderella Dudley Randall, Ballad of Birmingham *Sherman Alexie, How to Write the Great American Indian Novel *Rachel Rose, What We Heard about the Japanese *Rachel Rose, What the Japanese Perhaps Heard Checklist: Writing about Voice Writing Suggestions: Voice 9. Word Choice, Word Order Sipho Sepamla, Words, Words, Words Word Choice Walt Whitman, When I Heard the Learn’d Astronomer William Stafford, For the Grave of Daniel Boone James Wright, Autumn Begins in Martins Ferry, Ohio Adrienne Rich, Living in Sin e. e. cummings, in Just- Theodore Roethke, I Knew a Woman *Robert Pinsky, ABC Levels of Diction Margaret At wood, The City Planners Jim Sagel, Baca Grande *Wanda Coleman, Sears Life *Mark Halliday, The Value of Education Barbara L. Greenberg, The Faithful Wife Richard Wilbur, For the Student Strikers Charles Bukowski, Dog Fight Dialect Faye Kicknosway, GracieRobert Burns, John Anderson My Jo Gwendolyn Brooks, We Real Cool Word Order Edmund Spenser, One Day I Wrote Her Name upon the Strand e. e. cummings, anyone lived in a pretty how town A. E. Housman, To An Athlete Dying Young Emily Dickinson, My Life Had Stood—A Loaded Gun Checklist: Writing About Word Choice, Word Order Writing Suggestions: Word Choice, Word Order 20. Imagery Jane Flanders, Cloud Painter William Carlos Williams, Red Wheelbarrow Ezra Pound, In a Station of the Metro Gary Snyder, Some Good Things to be Said for the Iron Age Suzanne E. Berger, The Meal William Carlos Williams, The Great Figure Michael Chitwood, Division *Lam Thi My Da, Washing Rice *Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni, The Alley of Flowers *Edward Hirsch, M an on a Fire Escape *Maxine Kumin, Vignette *Michael McFee, Valentine’s Afternoon Robert Frost, Nothing Gold Can Stay Jean Toomer, Reapers Wilfred Owen, Dulce et Decorum est Checklist: Writing about Imagery Writing Suggestions: Imagery 21. Figures of Speech William Shakespeare, Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day? Simile, Metaphor, and Personification Langston Hughes, Harlem Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Constantly Risking Absurdity Audre Lorde, Rooming Houses Are Old WomenRobert Burns, Oh, My Love Is like A Red, Red, Rose John Updike, Ex-Basketball Player Randall Jarrell, The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner Marge Piercy, The Secretary Chant John Donne, A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning *E. B. White, Natural History *Bei Dau, A Bouquet *Martin Espada, My Father as Guitar *Mary Jo Salter, Kangaroo Hyperbole and Understatement Sylvia Plath, Daddy David Huddle, Holes Commence Falling Anne Bradstreet, To My Dear and Loving Husband Andrew Marvell, To His Coy Mistress Robert Fr ost, Out, Out— Donald Hall, My Son, My Executioner Margaret Atwood, You Fit Into Me *Sherod Santos, Spring ElegyMetonymy and Synecdoche Richard Lovelace, To Lucasta Going to the Wars *Thomas Lux, Henry Clay’s Mouth Apostrophe Sonia Sanchez, On Passing thru Morgantown, Pa *Allen Ginsberg, A Supermarket in California Checklist: Writing About Figures of Speech Writing Suggestions: Figures of Speech 22. Sound Walt Whitman, Had I the Choice Rhythm Gwendolyn Brooks, Sadie and Maud Meter Emily Dickinson, I Like to See It Lap the Miles Adrienne Rich, Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers Etheridge Knight, For Malcolm, a Year After Alliteration and Assonance Alfred, Lord Tennyson, The Eagle N. Scott Momaday, Comparatives Robert Herrick, Delight in DisorderRhyme Ogden Nash, The Llama Richard Wilbur, A Sketch Gerald Manley Hopkins, Pied Beauty W. H. Auden, As I Walked Out One Evening *Kelly Cherry, Nobody’s Fool *Lydia Davis, A Mown Lawn *Robert Francis, Pitcher *Alan Shapiro, A P arting Gift *Mona Van Duyn, The Beginning Lewis Carroll, Jabberwocky Checklist: Writing About Sound Writing Suggestions: Sound 23. Form John Keats, On the Sonnet *Billy Collins, Sonnet Closed Form Blank Verse Stanza The Sonnet William Shakespeare, When, in Disgrace with Fortune and Men’s Eyes Claude McKay, The White City John Keats, On First Looking into Chapman’s HomerGwendolyn Brooks, First Fight. Then Fiddle *Mona Van Duyn, Minimalist Sonnet The Sestina Alberto Alvaro Rios, Nani Elizabeth Bishop, Sestina The Villanelle Theodore Roethke, The Waking William Meredith, In Memory of Donald A. Stauffer The Epigram Samuel Taylor Coleridge, What Is an Epigram? William Blake, Her Whole Life Is an Epigram *Martin Espada, Why I Went to College Haiku Richard Brautigan, Widow’s Lament Matsuo Basho, Four Haiku Carolyn Kizer, After Basho Open Form Carl Sandburg, Chicago Louise Gluck, Life is a Nice Place e. e. cummings, the sky was can dy Walt Whitman, from Out of the Cradl e Endlessly RockingDiane Wakoski, Sleep Robert Hayden, Monet’s Waterlillies William Carlos Williams, Spring and All Carolyn Forche, The Colonel *Pat Mora, Immigrants *Czeslaw Milosz, Christopher Robin Concrete Poetry May Swenson, Women George Herbert, Easter Wings *Greg Williamson, Group Photo with Winter Trees Checklist: Writing About Form Writing Suggestions: Form 24. Symbol, Allegory, Allusion, and Myth William Blake, The Sick Rose Symbol Robert Frost, For Once, Then Something Jim Simmerman, Child’s Grave, Hale County, Alabama Emily Dickinson, Volcanoes Be in Sicily Langston Hughes, Island Theodore Roethke, Night CrowAllegory Christina Rossetti, Uphill Adrienne Rich, Diving into the Wreck Allusion Wole Soyinka, Future Plans William Meredith, Dreams of Suicide Delmore Schwartz, The True-Blue American Myth Countee Cullen, Yet Do I Marvel Louise Erdrich, Windigo William Butler Yeats, Leda and the Swan Derek Walcott, Sea Grapes W. H. Auden, Musee des Beaux Arts *T. S. E liot, The Journey of the Magi *Elizabeth Holmes, The Fathers Checklist: Writing about Symbol, Allegory, Allusion, and Myth Writing Suggestions: Symbol Allegory, Allusion, and Myth 25. The Poetry of Emily Dickinson: A Casebook for Reading, Research, and WritingEmily Dickinson, â€Å"Success is counted sweetest† Emily Dickinson, â€Å"Faith is a fine invention† Emily Dickinson, â€Å"I taste a liquor never brewed—† Emily Dickinson, â€Å"Safe in their Alabaster Chambers—† Emily Dickinson, â€Å"â€Å"Heaven† – Is what I cannot reach! † Emily Dickinson, â€Å"Wild Nights—Wild Nights! † Emily Dickinson, â€Å"The Soul Selects Her own Society† Emily Dickinson, â€Å"Nature—sometimes sears a Sapling—† Emily Dickinson, â€Å"Some keep the Sabbath going to Church—† Emily Dickinson, â€Å"After great pain, A formal feeling comes—† Emily Dickinson, â€Å"I Read My Sentence—Steadily—† Emily Dickinson, â€Å"We grow accustomed to the Dark—†Emily Dickinson, â€Å"Much Madness is divinest Sense—† Emily Dickinson, â€Å"This is my letter to the World† Emily Dickinson, â€Å"I heard a fly buzz—when I died—† Emily Dickinson, â€Å"The Brain—is wider than the Sky—† Emily Dickinson, â€Å"I dwell in Possibility—† Emily Dickinson, â€Å"One need not be a Chamber—to be Haunted—† Emily Dickinson, â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death—† Emily Dickinson, â€Å"The Only News I know† Emily Dickinson, â€Å"I never saw a Moor—† Emily Dickinson, â€Å"The Bustle in a House† Emily Dickinson, â€Å"Tell all the Truth but tell it slant—† Emily Dickinson, â€Å"There is no Frigate like a Book† Emily Dickinson, â€Å"That Love is all there is,†Thomas H. Johnso n and Theodora Ward, From The Letters of Emily Dickinson Burdick, E. Miller, From Emily Dickinson and the Life of Language Judith Farr, From The Passion of Emily Dickinson Richard B. Sewall, From The Life of Emily Dickinson Judy Jo Small, From Positive as Sound: Emily Dickinson’s Rhyme Allen Tate, Emily Dickinson Shankar Vedantam, Did a Bipolar Trait bring a Turn for the Verse? Michael Ryan, Vocation According to Dickinson Suzanne Juhasz, Christanne Miller, and Martha Nell Smith, Emily Dickinson’s Feminist Humor James L. Dean, Dickinson’s â€Å"Wild Nights! † Research QuestionsStudent Paper The Musicality of Emily Dickinson’s Poetry 26. The Poetry of Langston Hughes: A Casebook for Reading, Research, and Writing Langston Hughes, The Negro Speaks of Rivers Langston Hughes, The Weary Blues Langston Hughes, I, To Langston Hughes, Ballad of the Landlord Langston Hughes, The Ballad of Booker T Langston Hughes, Theme for English B Langston Hughes, Dream Boogie Langston Hughes, Birmingham Sunday (September 15, 1963) Langston Hughes, Old Walt Langston Hughes, Genius Child Langston Hughes, Lenox Avenue: Midnight Langston Hughes, Park Bench Langston Hughes, The Un-American InvestigatorsLangston Hughes, Dinner Guest: Me Langston Hughes, The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain Langston Hughes, To Negro Writers Langston Hughes, My Adventures as a Social Poet Arnold Rampersad, The Origins of Poetry in Langston Hughes Herman Beavers, Dead Rocks and Sleeping Men: Aurality in the Aesthetic of Langston Hughes Steven C. Tracy, â€Å"Midnight Ruffles of CatGut Lace†: The Boogie Poems of Langston Hughes Karen Jackson Ford, Do Right to Write Right: Langston Hughes Aesthetics of Simplicity George B. Hutchinson, Langston Hughes and the â€Å"Other† Whitman C. D. Rogers, â€Å"Hughes’s ‘Genius Child’†Research Questions Student Paper: Challenging the Father/Challenging the Self: Langston Hughes’s  "The Negro Speaks of Rivers† 27. Poetry for Further Reading Sherman Alexie, Defending Walt Whitman Maya Angelou, Africa Anonymous, Bonny Barbara Allan Anonymous, Western Wind Matthew Arnold, Dover Beach *John Ashbery, Myrtle *Elizabeth Alexander, Apollo Margaret Atwood, This Is A Photograph of Me *Robin Behn, Whether or Not There Are Apples *Elizabeth Bishop, The Fish William Blake, The Chimney Sweeper William Blake, The Lamb *William Blake, To See a World in a Grain of Sand William Blake, LondonWilliam Blake, The Tyger *Eavon Boland, The Emigrant Irish Anne Bradstreet, The Author to Her Book Gwendolyn Brooks, The Ballad of Rudolph Reed Gwendolyn Brooks, The Chicago Defender Sends a Man to Little Rock Gwendolyn Brooks, Medgar Evers George Gordon, Lord Byron, She Walks in Beauty *Shulamith Wechter Caine, Intellectual Heritage *Raphael Campo, Oysters *Phyllis Capello, In Memory of Jenny and Evelyn Who Were Playing When the Stoop Collapsed *Lucille Clifton, the mississippi river empties into the gulf *Judith Ortiz Cofer, Claims Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Kubla Khan *Billy Collins, Lines Lost Among Trees Hart Crane, To Brooklyn Bridge *Victor Hernandez Cruz, Anonymous e. e. cummings, Buffalo Bill’s E. E. Cummings, next to of course god America i Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni, The Brides Come to Yuba City John Donne, Batter My Heart, Three-Personed God John Donne, Death Be Not Proud John Donne, Song *Mark Doty, A Display of Mackerel Rita Dove, The Satisfaction Coal Company *Gregory Djanikan, Immigrant Picnic *Stephen Dunn, Waiting with Two Members of a Motorcycle Gang for My Child to Be Born Paul Laurence Dunbar, We Wear the Mask T. S. Eliot, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock James A. Emanuel, Emmett TillLouise Erdrich, Indian Boarding School: The Runaways Robert Frost, Acquainted with the Night Robert Frost, Birches Robert Frost, Desert Places Robert Frost, Mending Wall Robert Frost, The Road Not Taken Robert Frost, Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening * Frederico Garcia Lorca, Arbole Arbole *Deborah Garrison, Please Fire Me Nikki Giovanni, Nikki-Rosa *Jorie Graham, I Was Taught Three H. D. , Heat H. D. , Helen *Marilyn Hacker, I’m Four *Rachel Hadas, Thick and Thin *Joy Harjo, Morning Song Thomas Hardy, The Convergence of the Twain Robert Hayden, Homage to the Empress of the Blues *Seamus Heaney, Mid-term BreakGerard Manley Hopkins, God’s Grandeur Gerard Manley Hopkins, The Windhover *Garett Kaoru Hongo, The Hongo Store 29 Miles Volcano Hilo, Hawaii *Andrew Hudgins, Desert Island Ted Hughes, Visit *Donald Justice, On the Death of Friends in Childhood *Donald Justice, School Letting Out John Keats, La Belle Dame sans Merci: A Ballad John Keats, Bright Star! Would I Were Steadfast as Thou Art John Keats, Ode on a Gredian Urn John Keats, When I Have Fears *Aron Keesbury, On the Robbery across the Street *Jane Kenyon, A Boy Goes into the World Philip Larkin, Aubade *Li-Young Lee, The Gift *Phillip Levine, Llanto Harry McC abe, Evening at the Shack Claude McKay, If We Must Die *James Merrill, Page from the Koran *M. S. Merwin, For the Anniversary of My Death John Milton, When I Consider How My Light Is Spent Pablo Neruda, The United Fruit Co. *Dan Nester, Pay Per View etude *Sharon Olds, The One Girl at the Boys Party Sharon Olds, Rite of Passage *Frank O’Hara, Autobiographia Literaria *Mary Oliver, Alligator Poem Michael Ondaatje, Dates *Gregory Orr, Once the two of us Linda Pastan, Ethics Linda Pastan, Marks *Lucia Perillo, Scott Wonders if His Daughter Will Understand Tragedy if He Kills Rock and RollMarge Piercy, Barbie Doll Marge Piercy, The Friend *Robert Pinsky, If You Could Write One Great Poem, What Would You Want It to Be About? Sylvia Plath, Metaphors Sylvia Plath, Mirror Ezra Pound, The River-Merchant’s Wife: A Letter Henry Reed, Naming of Parts Edwin Arlington Robinson, Miniver Cheevy Edwin Arlington Robinson, Richard Cory *Kay Ryan, That Will to Divest Carl Sandburg, Fog *S onia Sanchez, right on: white america Anne Sexton, Sylvia’s Death William Shakespeare, Let Me Not to the Marriage of True Minds William Shakespeare, Not Marble, nor the Gilded Monuments Percy Bysshe Shelley, Ode to the West Wind Charles Simic, Spring *Louis Simpson, A Shearling Coat Stevie Smith, Not Waving but Drowning Cathy Song, Lost Sister Gary Soto, Black Hair *Wole Soyinka, Hamlet Barry Spacks, On Finding a Yiddish Newspaper on the Riverside Line William Stafford, Traveling through the Dark Wallace Stevens, Anecdote of the Jar Wallace Stevens, The Emperor of Ice-Cream *Mark Strand, Old Man Leaves a Party *Virgil Suarez, Aguacero Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Ulysses *John Updike, Rainbow Gina Valdes, My Mother Sews Blouses Margaret Walker, Lineage Edmund Waller, Go, Lovely Rose James Welch, The Man from WashingtonPhyllis Wheatley, On Being Brought from Africa to America Walt Whitman, A Noiseless Patient Spider Walt Whitman, from Song of Myself *C. K. Williams, Tantrum William Carlos Williams, The Dance William Wordsworth, Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802 William Wordsworth, I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud William Wordsworth, My Heart Leaps Up When I Behold William Wordsworth, She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways William Wordsworth, The Solitary Reaper William Butler Yeats, Crazy Jane Talks with the Bishop William Butler Yeats, The Lake Isle of Innisfree William Butler Yeats, Sailing to ByzantiumWilliam Butler Yeats, The Second Coming 28. Biographical Sketches of Selected Poets DRAMA 29. Understanding Drama Dramatic Literature The Origins of the Modern Theater The Ancient Greek Theater The Elizabethan Theater The Modern Theater Kinds of Drama Tragedy Comedy A Note on Translations August Strindberg, The Stronger *Jane Martin, Beauty Reading Drama (only in Portable) 30. Reading and Writing About Drama Reading Drama Active Reading Previewing Highlighting or Annotating Writing About Drama Planning an Essay Choosing a Topic Finding Something to S ay Seeing Connections Deciding on a Thesis Preparing an OutlineDrafting an Essay Student Paper: The Women’s Role in Trifles (First Draft) First Draft Commentary Revising and Editing an Essay Student Paper: Confinement and Rebellion in Trifles (Second Draft) Second Draft Commentary Student Paper: Desperate Measures: Acts of Defiance in Trifles (Final Draft) Final Draft Commentary 31. Plot Plot Structure Plot and Subplot Plot Development Flashbacks Foreshadowing Checklist: Writing About Plot Susan Glaspell, Trifles *Sam Shepard, True West Henrik Ibsen, A Doll House Writing Suggestions: Plot 32. Character Character’s Words Formal and Informal Language Plain and Elaborate Style Tone IronyCharacter’s Actions Stage Directions Actor’s Interpretations Checklist: Writing About Character Anton Chekov, The Brute Paddy Chayefsky, Marty *David Auburn, Proof Arthur Miller, Death of a Salesman Writing Suggestions: Character 33. Staging Stage Directions The Uses of Stagi ng Costumes Props Scenery and Lighting Music and Sound Effects A Final Note Checklist: Writing About Staging Milcha Sanchez-Scott, The Cuban Swimmer Sophocles, Oedipus the King William Shakespeare, A Midsummer Night’s Dream Writing Suggestions: Staging 34. Theme Titles Conflicts Dialogue Characters Staging A Final Note Checklist: Writing About ThemeWendy Wasserstein, Tender Offer *Margaret Edson, W;t Sophocles, Antigone August Wilson, Fences Writing Suggestions: Theme 35. Tennessee Williams’ The Glass Menagerie: A Casebook for Reading, Research, and Writing Tennessee Williams, The Glass Menagerie Tennessee Williams, Author’s Production Notes (Preface to the Published Edition) James Fisher, From The Angels of Fructification Eric P. Levy, From Through the Soundproof Glass Jacqueline O’Connor, From Dramatizing Dementia: Madness in the Plays of Tennessee Williams Edwina Dakin Williams, Tennessee Williams, Dakin Williams, and Shepherd Meade, Excerpts from Thre e MemoirsJean Evans and Walter Wager, Excerpts from Two Interviews with Williams Thomas L. King, Irony and Distance in The Glass Menagerie Nancy Tischler, Nancy Marie Patterson, From A Student Companion to Tennessee Williams Roger B. Stein, From The Glass Menagerie Revisited: Catastrophe without Violence Tom Scanlan, from Family, Drama, and American Dreams Roger Boxill, The Glass Menagerie Tennessee Williams, Portrait of a Girl in Glass Topics for Further Research Student Paper: Laura’s Gentlemen Caller 36. William Shakespeare’s Hamlet: A Casebook for Reading, Research, and Writing William Shakespeare, HamletElizabeth Mullenix, Reitz, The Sublime or the Ridiculous? Siyang, Zhang, Hamlet’s Melancholy Vince Escanalar, Foils in Hamlet Mark Rose, From Reforming the Role Ellen J. O’Brien, From Revision by Excision: Rewriting Gertrude June Schlueter and James P. Lusardi, From Study to Stage to Classroom Sandra K. Fisher, Ophelia’s Mad Speeches Topics for Further Research Student Paper: â€Å"Reclaiming Shakespeare’s Gertrude: Rejecting Role Revisions on Stage and in Film† WRITING ABOUT LITERATURE 37. Three Common Writing Assignments 38. Writing a Research Paper Choosing a Topic Looking for Sources Narrowing Your TopicDoing Research Taking Notes Integrating Sources Avoiding Plagiarism Drafting a Thesis Statement Making an Outline Writing Your Paper Documenting Your Sources Parenthetical References in the Text Guidelines for Punctuating Parenthetical References Sample References The List of Works Cited Informal Documentation Content Notes To Cite Several Sources To Provide Explanations Sample Literature Papers with MLA Documentation Student Paper, And Again She Makes the Journey: Character and act in Eudora Welty’s A Worn Path Student Paper: â€Å"A & P†: A Class Act 39. Using Literary Theory in Your Writing FormalismA Formalist Reading: Kate Chopan’s â€Å"The Storm† For Further Reading: For malism Reader-Response Criticism Reader-Response Reading’s: Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Storm† For Further Reading: Reader-Response Criticims Sociological Criticism Feminist Criticism A Feminist Reading: Tillie Olsen’s â€Å"I Stand Here Ironing† For Further Reading: Feminist Criticism Marxist Criticism A Marxist Reading: Tillie Olsen’s â€Å"I Stand Here Ironing† For Further Reading: Marxist Criticism New Historicism A New Historicist Reading: Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† For Further Reading: New Historicist CriticismPsychoanalytic Criticism Psychoanalytic Terms A Psychoanalytic Reading: Edgar Allen Poe’s â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† For Further Reading: Psychoanalytic Criticism Structuralism A Structuralist Reading: William Faulkner’s â€Å"Barn Burning† For Further Reading: Structuralism Deconstruction A Deconstructionist Reading: Flannery O’Connor’s â €Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find† For Further Reading: Deconstruction 40. Writing Essay Exams About Literature Planning an Essay Exam Answer Review Your Material Consider Your Audience and Purpose Read through the Entire Exam Read the Question CarefullyKey Words in Exam Questions Brainstorm to Find Ideas Shaping an Essay Exam Answer Stating a Thesis Making a Scratch Outline Drafting and Revising an Essay Exam Answer Appendix A: Literary History: Aristotle to the Twentieth Century Beginnings: The Greeks and Romas (c. 450 b. c. – a. d. 400) The Middle Agesa (c. A. D. 400 – 1500) The Renaissance (c. 1500-1660) The Enlightenment (c. 1660 – 1798) The Romantic Period (1798 – 1837) The Victorian Period (1837 – 1901) The Modern Period (1901 – Present) Glossary of Literary Terms Acknowledgements Index of Authors, Titles, and First Lines of Poetry

Kurdistan Workers Party Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Kurdistan Workers Party Paper - Essay Example Tom). While the network was not officially recognized as a unique entity until 1976, historically, this never stopped their activities any given time, it has held significant influence in the southern Philippines, where it established itself so strongly in the area solidifying its operation for long, therefore is largely a regional entity rather than a global movement. Throughout the 1980s, the SCU network received support from the United States, Pakistan, and other partner countries to support the Scandinavian campaign. From the 1990s through today, the SCU network has supported a variety of Scandinavian regimes and movements in an attempt to expand Protestant fundamentalist principals in the region where its effects still have seen to date. This shaped the entire history of the area. That the Swedish Chefs United is largely a proxy for Swedish interests in the Philippines. This duality of interests is at times confusing and reflects the complexities of the organization and its interests. Furthermore, the SCU network has limited political goals and has subordinated itself to other entities; instead seeking to maintain influence locally while supporting efforts to spread Crusades elsewhere. Their demands never had a powerful impact at any given time due lack of political will and power, therefore being in existence with no clear motive to drive the a gender The Swedish Chefs United, throughout its history, has served to recruit, train and fund militant groups in the region in support of expanding fundamentalist Lutheranrule. In this section I will further examine current US definitions of terrorism and depict that the SCU’s role as a geographically based vehicle for violence is almost indistinguishable from organizations like al Qaeda and the Pampered Chef because of their activities, goals and operations which are not clear but confusing. They

MGMT Orinazational Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

MGMT Orinazational Behavior - Essay Example Organizational change management is a structured approach by which companies administer the entire process of change implementation. It also makes sure changes are successfully and smoothly implemented. Before going into further discussion about the necessity of change in an organization, I would first like to discuss some points about the driving factors of change. Some of the major driving factors of change are detailed below: - To satisfy the changing need of Customers: - The needs of customers have always been dynamic in nature and keep changing with time. Therefore for a company to constantly meet the customer needs, it needs to bring changes to its operation system (Havaldar 116). To maintain a competitive Edge over the rivals: - For an organization to sustain and get success in the market place for a longer period of time, it needs to have an edge over its rivals. This is only possible, if companies constantly bring changes and innovation into its system. Internal environmenta l Factors: - The internal environmental situations of the organizations act as one of the major driving forces of change. The internal environment of an organization includes people, events, system, structure and internal conditions which are controlled by the company. The internal factors play a crucial role in influencing organizational activities. Hence, when the management feels certain areas are not doing well or fitting to current situations, an internal change is initiated (Raoprasert and Islam 35). External Environmental Factors: - The external environment factors are the strongest force for an organizational change. The external factors are those which remain beyond the control of the organization, such as the economy, competition, market demand, customers, societal and political condition, and the common resources. It is imperative for an organization to continuously monitor and complies with the external environment and sometimes to match with external environment organiz ations need to change (Sisaye 82). Considering, the current business scenario, I believe an organization should constantly make changes into its system of operation. In addition, organizations at times are also required to make changes in some other elements of the business. For example, there can be changes in the form of new product development, new promotional strategy or implementation of a new performance management system of the employees. I strongly believe that, for an organization to get success in the market place it constantly needs to bring some form of modification to its current state. The present business environment is characterized by constant technological innovation and globalization. These factors also forces organizations to make changes in their operation. However, it helps them to conduct business which matches with the recent trends and comply with the requirements of the customers and employees. Some of the evident examples of organizational change are adapt ion of social media for the purpose of product promotion and adaptability of mobile. There have been constant debates over the fact whether organizational change is necessary or it depends upon the management’s wish. Additionally, there have been also debates over the need of managing the implementation process. In this context, several scholars believe that organizational change is not a necessary element of business and organizations should try to minimize the rate of change. Moreover, the

Sustainability in chemical engineering Research Paper

Sustainability in chemical engineering - Research Paper Example Sustainable chemistry is the â€Å"chemistry that contributes to securing the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs† (Christensen, 2009). Chemical Engineering is a course or program that plays a significant role in sustaining a society through manufacturing products and making processes for a better environment. Chemical Engineering contributes to sustainability through green chemistry. The terms ‘green chemistry’ and ‘sustainable chemistry’ are used interchangeably (Hardy, 2004). The purpose of green chemistry is to eliminate or reduce the risk of chemical hazards which in turn obviates the need to establish expensive exposure controls and prevents accidents leading to environmental incidents. Research in green chemistry is directed at alternative feedstocks, reagents and catalysts, environmentally benign solvents, and making of recyclable chemical products. This is achieved by giving bio-based feedstocks preference over petroleum-based sources. For example, the important intermediaries of commodity chemicals’ production; adipic acid, catechol, and hydroquinone can be produced from glucose as a raw material instead of benzene (Abraham, 2005, p. 168). While recycling increases the overall production, the cost of production is reduced because waste materials are used rather than getting disposed off. The importance of clean air, clean water, and safe environment highlights the significance of green chemistry. Chemical engineering has contributed to the increase of sustainability by introducing a range of efficient and productive systems including the large lake bio-complexity systems, systems dynamic modeling and ecological engineering and restoration. Sustainable development is based on the approach to service systems and industrial products’ manufacturing. Companies like General motors and HP are using â€Å"design for environment† techniques

Funding proposal local resilienc prject Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Funding proposal local resilienc prject - Essay Example For the coastal areas, it means erosion and evacuation of people living near the coastlines. According to Dorrell, R. and Wentworth, J. (2010, p.1) UK has roughly 16,000,000 people affected by floods as of September 2010, because 30% of England and Wales live near the coastal areas. Thousands lose their power supply during heavy rains, storm, or unusually cold winter. Some die. Based on the study of Kapucu, Naim PhD. (2009), Losses amounted to billions of Sterling Pounds in 1987 alone. An ideal Local Resiliency Project should be the orchestration of Local Authorities, Community Association members, and SMEs for the planning, management, and control of provisions that will meet the needs of all community members. There are those provisions that only the government can afford to prepare. These would be the well-trained Special Rescue Forces and major equipment for rescue and evacuation of people and properties, namely, heavy duty boats, diving supplies, army trucks, helicopters, ambula nce, night vision devices. And there are infrastructures that Joint Ventures can construct on sturdy, higher grounds where people can be evacuated. Ideally, these infrastructures should consist of durable housing alternatives and the durable Storage Depot of basic needs for survival day and night. Eventually, the homeowners themselves can become shareholders of all these investments. It can start with a Grant for the organization, planning, and initial implementations. Eventually, the chosen location of the Storage Depot should accommodate alternative housing that people in lowlands can eventually own through financing schemes. Section 3. Objective of Projects & Project Outcomes (300 words ) Lancashire Coastline communities will be the immediate beneficiary of this Local Resiliency Project. This project proposal clarifies the critical needs of the community wherein a Local Resiliency Project will be launched. It will then develop a contingency plan whereby any simulated disaster or actual calamity can have an equivalent logical response that should negate the unwanted impact for most homeowners and businesses. Thus, the objectives include the following: a. To describe the community and specific location that will be involved in the creation of a Local Resiliency Project, in terms of the usual natural disturbance based on past months and years; b. To elaborate the reported consequences of those calamities in the past; c. To identify needs of the community so as to remain productive during and after the disasters; d. To describe the logical remedy along with the implications of providing a solution; e. To estimate cost of having such provisions; f. To summarize the benefits of investing on such a proposed Local Resiliency Project; g. To develop a plan of action with timetable for implementation and maintenance; h. To identify people and organizations who should be help accountable and responsible for the various stages of the project proposal; i. To prove how th is project will result in a resilient community over many years to come; j. To specify limitations of such provisions for the community. Section 4. Statement of Needs, Characteristics of Beneficiaries ( 500 words ) Large towns make up the coastal settlements of

Theories in Information Systems Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Theories in Information Systems - Coursework Example The behavior of actors like a particular individual or a whole organization upholds these institutions. One cognitive view advocates that a socialization process encodes a particular institution into a given actor. When the actor internalizes it, this transforms into a patterned behavior (script). Then the institution is reflected in this patterned behavior of the actor. This leads to the continuous reproduction of the institutions. When these institutions are enacted through the behavior of the actors, then other actors are able to witness this. This is the external manifestation of the institution which gives rise to a new process of socialization. However, after the passage of time, this externalization of the institutions through the behavior of its actors becomes an accepted fact. Then, the actors sometimes fail to realize their own behavior is actually reflective of an institution. Persons sharing the institution view it as perfectly logical for the behavior of the actors to be influenced by the institution.Organizational Learning Theory: This theory states that â€Å"in order to be competitive in a changing environment, organizations must change their goals and actions to reach those goals.† There are certain actions that the firm must consciously undertake to foster learning. When circumstances around it change, the firm must change its actions and it needs to be aware of the outcomes of its actions. The firm should be able to link its actions to their respective outcomes.... cultural explanations and an interest in properties of supra-individual units of analysis that cannot be reduced to aggregations or direct consequences of individuals’ attributes or motives.† The behavior of actors like a particular individual or a whole organization upholds these institutions. One cognitive view advocates that a socialization process encodes a particular institution into a given actor. When the actor internalizes it, this transforms into a patterned behavior (script). Then the institution is reflected through this patterned behavior of the actor. This leads to the continuous reproduction of the institutions. When these institutions are enacted through the behavior of the actors, then other actors are able to witness this. This is the external manifestation of the institution which gives rise to a new process of socialization. However, after the passage of time, this externalization of the institutions through the behavior of its actors becomes an accept ed fact. Then, the actors sometimes fail to realize their own behavior is actually reflective of an institution. Persons sharing the institution view it as perfectly logical for the behavior of the actors to be influenced by the institution. (York University 2010) Organizational Learning Theory: This theory states that â€Å"in order to be competitive in a changing environment, organizations must change their goals and actions to reach those goals.† There are certain actions that the firm must consciously undertake to foster learning. When circumstances around it change, the firm must change its actions and it needs to be aware of the outcomes of its actions. The firm should be able to link its actions to their respective outcomes. Under this theory, first the individuals participate in the initial

Film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Film - Essay Example On an armed exploration around the colony, John Smith was captured by the natives and brought to the leader where he was sentenced to die. The chief’s daughter spared John Smith’s life on chief’s command that he would live with them. This is the way to observe him to know the plan of the colony. The chief also asked him to command the colony to leave in the spring. When they did not leave, the natives attacked the colony. The story presented a view of the events that occurred during the time when the United States is in the early stage of colonization by the English people. This is significant in determining the different issues that occurred during that time. One is the differences in culture. The English people have the main objective of colonizing the land due to their need to find a place where they can have a new beginning, a simpler and less complicated life. Thus, even in the beginning then, they have the motive of staying in the land. On the other hand, t he natives who are innocent in nature and without sense of ownership and envy welcomed the English people on the premise that they would leave after some period of time. But when it did not happen, the conflict occurred. The story is historically significant on the basis that it presented it showed the scenario in a land that is colonized.

Subway is a Renowned Franchising Company Research Paper

Subway is a Renowned Franchising Company - Research Paper Example The company has aggressive marketing strategies that have made it penetrate different markets while also diversifying its products.   According to the Subway Franchise offer, qualified franchisees are offered rights to establish and undertake their business operations from a single location. This retail establishment is given an opportunity to prepare and sell foot-long, specialty sandwiches, salads in combination with other foodstuffs. Accordingly, other Subway franchise operations comprise of satellite locations, community development program locations, non-traditional locations, school lunch program locations, national park locations, airport terminal locations, and theme park locations. When determining the best franchise opportunities for any franchise, it is essential that the franchisor’s trademarks, patents and other proprietary techniques and trade secrets are made available (Caffey, 2012). In the same line of argument, in order for Subway franchisees to operate ful ly and profitably the following legal rights must be granted by the franchisor: Trademarks A trademark is a phrase, word, symbol, sound or color that uniquely identifies goods or services from those sold or manufactured by others while also indicating the source of the goods (Caffey, 2012). Franchisees have the right to own and use the trademark of the franchisor; it is the initial grant under the franchise agreement (Caffey, 2012). The franchise outlets use the trademark either painted over the business premise, designed on uniforms and/or on product packaging. It should be noted that whenever the trademark symbol is seen, it gives notice that the owner claims rights in it. Across the US trademarks are regulated by and registered under federal and state laws; the Lanham Act of 1946 regulates how trademarks are created, owned and utilized (Caffey, 2012). Subway Franchisor is in this regard the owner of the licensed trademark and has an obligation under the law to ensure that the mar k is well designed and displayed by all its franchisees. Consequently, no variations in design, color, size or products/services identified with the mark are tolerated and franchise outlets who operate contrary to this restrictions risk losing their operating license (Caffey, 2012). The valuable asset of the franchisor is its trademark; hence using it properly is undoubtedly the most legally protected right among all the rights granted to franchisees. Subway franchisees will benefit from the trademark as it gives the consumers an assurance of consistent quality of goods and services. Nevertheless, the mark will make the franchise be uniquely identified thus attracting more customers (Caffey, 2012).  Ã‚  

Two Carbohydrate Solution Essay Example for Free

Two Carbohydrate Solution Essay This experiment consist of 2 part . First part is to test whether solution A and solution B are reducing sugar. Second part of the experiment is to investigate 2 type of reaction , biological reaction and chemical reaction. The chemical enzyme is hydrochloric acid while the biological enzyme is amylase saliva . The specific enzyme reaction involved in the experiment is hydrolysis reaction. Solution B is a polysaccharide which will break down into monosaccharide by hydrolysis reaction. Hydrochloric acid is a very strong acid and it can digest any that contact with it. At high temperature, hydrochloric acid can act as chemical enzyme which can hydrolyses polysaccharide. Hydrochloric acid can break down solution B and starch which are polysaccharide to their respective monosaccharide. Temperatures may have affect the substances such as solutions A and B, saliva, and hydrochloric acid. Saliva is a type of biological enzyme needs an optimum temperature of 37Â °C to carry out high activity. High temperature causes amylase to become denatured, and the shape of the active site changes, because the bonds in the enzymes are broken because of the heat energy gained to brak the bond. When an enzyme is denatured, it cannot function, hence , no catalyse biological reaction. When solution B is under high temperature, solution B gains heat, which is converted to kinetic energy. Solution B thus have high kinetic energy, and its easier to be catalyzed because the activation energy is achieved easily. Because it has high kinetic energy, the solution can be catalyzed by the hydrochloric acid. The product that formed after hydrolysed is broken to monosaccharide which are glucose molecules. This is because glucose is a type of reducing sugar that can turns Benedict’s solution from blue to brick-red precipitate. Starch and glucose are consider as carbohydrate . Figure below shows the structures of starch. Structure of glucose is shown as above . Basis of the test used in this experiment is for amylase enzyme and hydrochloric acid to function as enzymes to convert starch, which is solution B to their monomers. At 37Â °C, amylase enzyme are able to convert starch to glucose because it is in their optimum temperature. Beside that, HCl cannot carry out reaction because its has not gained enough energy to catalyse reaction. At 95Â °C, HCl are able to catalyse starch into glucose molecule because it has gained enough energy through heating process. However, amylase enzyme are denatured at high temperature. High temperature breaks the bonds that holds the 3D shape of an amylase enzyme. This causes the active site of the amylase enzyme to be altered, and therefore starch molecules cannot bind to the altered active site. The purpose of adding sodium hydroxide is to neutralize the hydrochloric acid in the solutions, while adding Benedict’s solution is to test the presence of glucose molecules. Carbohydrate Solution B is the complex molecule and this is because show no reaction in benedict’s test. Before hydrochloric acid is added, solution B still is starch. After hydrolyzing reaction take place , is shows positive result to th benedict’s test. Means glucose is present in solution B after hydrolyzing. Conclusion : Salivary amylase will only hydrolyse starch into glucose at optimum temperature(37 while hydrochloric acid can hydrolyse starch at temperature (c).

Nike with apple Essay Example for Free

Nike with apple Essay To bring inspiration and innovation to every athlete* in the world. *If you have a body, you are an athlete. Guiding principles (11 Maxims) They guide employees at all levels as they complete their work at Nike and represent the Nike corporation globally. †¢It is our nature to innovate. †¢Nike is a company. †¢Nike is a brand. †¢Simplify and go. †¢The consumer decides. †¢Be a sponge. †¢Evolve immediately. †¢Do the right thing. †¢Master the fundamentals. †¢We are on the offense – always. †¢Remember the man. The late Bill Bowerman, Nike co-founder) Manager Manifesto -It is a set of Core Principles that describe how Nike managers lead with excellence * Lead * Coach * Drive * Inspire Objectives: * Protect and improve Nike’s position as the number one athletic brand in America. * Build a strong momentum in growing fitness market. * Intensify the company’s effort to develop products that women need and want. Explore the market for products specifically designed for the requirements of maturing Americans. Direct and manage the company’s international business as it continues to develop. * Continue the drive for increased margins through proper inventory management and fewer better products. Competencies: Innovations: 1. Design your own shoes: Customers can choose their own colors and mascots to create shoes which define their personality 2. Nike self lacing automatic shoes: The automatic lacing system provides a set of straps that can be automatically opened and closed to switch between a loosened and tightened position. 3. Nike with apple: The NIKE+ package consists of a pair of specially designed NIKE+ running shoes, an ipod nano, and a NIKE+ ipod sport kit. As a person runs, ipod tells the distance, pace, and calories burned via voice feedback that adjusts music volume as it plays. Goal: World’s leading sports products and equipment provider. Business strategies: Encompasses the business’s overall positioning in the sports industry and stay competitive due to the product differentiation and globalization. Competitive Advantage: Brand Name, Product Quality, Inventory turnover, Cost leadership, Effective in-store operations.